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<title>Association of Accredited Public Policy Advocates to the European Union - russia</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/taxonomy/term/54</link>
<description></description>
<language>en</language>
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<title>RUSSIA, THE WEST AND THE GROWING GAP BETWEEN NARRATIVES</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/russia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives</link>
<description><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Author: Alisher Faizullaev</p>
<p>States have always had differences, and sometimes sharp disparities, in their interests, values, aspirations and perceptions of the truth. Propaganda is not a new thing in international politics. The same applies to information warfare – using disinformation, manipulation of information and information technologies to demoralize the enemy and win confrontation. Nowadays, not just governmental propaganda and the traditional media but also social media are involved in developing, defending and promoting political narratives of international actors and the assertion of ‘the true truth’. Both traditional (intergovernmental) and public diplomacy as well as the media played a role in building up Russian and Western contrasting narratives regarding the Crimean Crisis in 2014 . Ever since, Russian and Western narratives related to many fundamental and urgent issues of world politics turn to be increasingly confrontational.</p>
<p>No matter what stands behind powerful narratives, they are ‘real as long as they are believed to be so. Russia and the West trust each other less and less, and suspect the opposite side of manipulation and deception. In short, in the modern Russian-Western confrontation, we can see ‘a conflict between incommensurate worldviews’.</p>
<p>During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the West also had different political narratives and were not receptive to each other’s positions. However, then the determining factors were differences in their strategic interests and ideologies (communism vs capitalism). The current world is more globalized and integrated, countries have more interdependent economic and political interests and there are no such ideological barriers as they existed in the Cold War era. In the modern world, confrontation between Russia and the West has acquired a more moral substance. Based on their political morality, the parties claim that they are right and the other side is wrong in their assessments and approaches to the events in Crimea, Donbass, the U. S. election, Syria etc. . Trying to prove their case, the representatives of Russia and Western countries extensively refer to legal norms and international law, but often use them as elements of narration.</p>
<p>The present and growing differences between Russian and Western conflicting narratives are predominantly based on their political worldviews and understanding of right and wrong. That is why these are intractable differences. Many factors played a role in the origin of these disparities, including historical, cultural, economic, political, institutional, societal, etc. Perhaps, some accidental events also played a role in the emergence of the current situation. However, all kinds of incidents – intentional and unintentional – tend to be built into the chain of dominant narratives of actors and become complimentary parts of the actor’s worldview, or narrative structure. Narrative structure affects people’s thinking, perception, imagination and moral choices. Moral factors and moral differences appear as one of the fundamental causes of the growing gap between Russian and Western political narratives, and moral differences ‘exist when groups have incommensurate moral orders’. For example, Russia feels not only a legal but moral right to support Bashar al-Assad’s regime, and the West is convinced that this regime is criminal and should end.</p>
<p>Can diplomacy help in finding some common ground? International diplomacy is involved in narrative building and practices, but the world needs to develop a more constructive narrative diplomacy and narrative negotiations in order not to be stymied. The world powers need to find some common explanation of world events and vision for the world. Since political narratives have become part of our reality and are shaping our perception of the world and our practices, we need to think about negotiating narratives and constructing some shared ideas and stories, which would help us to prevent further confrontation or global war. Negotiating narratives means, above all, understanding one’s own and other’s concerns, values and convictions; discovering and discussing fundamental stories, myths and beliefs of the parties involved, and finding out common and meaningful ideas and practices. This is not about negotiating agreements or joint statements but rather about negotiating meanings and creating a shared worldview. In short, it is a joint meaning-making process in conversation.</p>
<p>People and states are inclined to narratives, and political narratives are at the heart of international and domestic politics. States always produce their political narratives and deal with the narratives of other international actors. Narratives help actors to link events together, connect the past, present and future, and have a cohesive worldview . And people, organizations and states are getting used to stories they tell the world. While Russia and the West point fingers at each other, it is important, of course, to get the facts, objective information and hear the opinion of experts. But that wouldn’t change the narratives and moral orders of the parties: they are too strong and have a huge impact on people’s perception of the reality. Moreover, narratives themselves provide a picture of reality, so they shape and construct the reality and our practices. In the current world, political narratives are developing so ‘comprehensively’ and with a variety of powerful tools, including the media and social media, and hardly any facts can essentially change them. There is a risk that any unsuitable fact will be rejected by a more convenient ‘fact’, and there will be no end to the war of words and evidences.</p>
<p><strong>It is time to train specialists in deep and comprehensive analysis of political discourses and narratives, and in delivering messages for their governments and the international community. Countries currently do not have have a sufficient number of such experts and such practices in international diplomacy. </strong>Some may say that narratives in world politics do not arise from scratch, but reflect political, economic and strategic interests of international actors. Yes, indeed. But narratives equally affect our reality and real issues of international relations. Our worldview is woven from different practices and narratives. And by negotiating narratives, or trying to construct common and more adequate narratives, we can enter in new practices and make our world better and safer.</p>
<p>States can negotiate explicitly, and they can also be involved in tacit bargaining through various indirect means . Tacit bargaining happens when communication between actors are incomplete or impossible . In tacit bargaining, parties mainly ‘watch and interpret each other’s behavior, each aware that his own actions are being interpreted and anticipated’ . It is better to conduct narrative negotiations explicitly but not tacitly, and rely not just on the observer’s interpretation of the actor’s intentions and actions, but also directly listen to and discuss the actor’s explanation of his own behavior.</p>
<p>Narrative negotiations and transformations comprise listening to and understanding what others – even adversaries – say. It is important to understand any political worldview in historical, social, cultural and psychological contexts. That doesn’t mean that one needs to accept the opponent’s narratives, worldview and values, and be blind to propaganda and deception. It simply means awareness, engagement, and dialogue. That is a practice of mindfulness which may affect understanding and building a political narrative.</p>
<p>Some may object: will this not create an opportunity for some international actors to manipulate expert and public opinions? Others may also say that by entering in narrative negotiations, the diplomats might be deceived and drawn into useless and endless conversations. Well, these risks exist even in ‘normal’ international encounters, diplomatic negotiations and consultations. But the science and art of narrative negotiations should include the skills of detecting and dealing with manipulations, tricks and deceptions, and also addressing the issues of concern. This means negotiators need to ask questions and understand each other’s most fundamental values that affect their narratives, and the logic behind their narrative construction.</p>
<p>The aim of diplomacy is to promote international understanding and peace, but as an instrument of foreign policy, diplomacy may resort to insults, particularly symbolic ones . In a heated informational environment of modern diplomacy, it becomes more difficult to distinguish the truth from the fake news. With the increase of conflicting political narratives, politicians, the public and diplomats from the opposed camps are less able to listen to and understand each other. Unfortunately, the modern international public space is filled with both open and concealed accusations and insults.</p>
<p>The power of one’s own convictions is such that it often prevents people, organizations, and states from delving into the narratives of the other parties. The simplest narrative logic says this: we are right (and we have the true evidence!), and you are not (and your evidence is fake!). Even the most notorious villains can think that they, and only they, are right. It is not enough to say that they are wrong in order to convince them or change their opinion. Even in case of wrongdoers and liars, we need, first of all, to understand them. It is important to listen carefully and understand their values, stories, the origin and development of their narratives, their logical and emotional aspects. It is just impossible to change a person, group or country without changing their fundamental beliefs.</p>
<p><strong>Why does Russia say what it says? Why do Western countries say what they say? Because their stories are not built on an empty foundation, and their narratives are associated with their identities, needs, hopes, worries, values, interests, beliefs, and relationships, with their perception of the world and everyday lives. To change a story, we have to recognize and discuss it, but not ignore it. And we need to introduce new practices of creating new stories. To Russia: why not give the West the opportunity to fully explain its position and fears ? To the West: why shouldn’t Russia do the same, and explain in detail its position and worries on issues? And to both Russia and the West: why not listen to the other side patiently and carefully? </strong>Not only at the United Nations Security Council and some other international fora, but widely – in the mainstream media, among diplomats and expert communities, and even ordinary people, without interruptions, obstruction, ridicule and aggression, but by asking questions. For example, by doing some joint work in a special workshop on interaction of Russian and Western political narratives.</p>
<p>This might not seem realistic. <strong>But it is time for Russia and the West to discover something in common and create narrative bridges</strong>. To do so they need, first of all, to find a common language to speak and listen to each other. Currently that is extremely difficult. But it must not be allowed to be even more difficult in the future. It makes little sense to tell the opposite side that it is wrong, if the other side thinks otherwise. Alas, the truth would be hardly accepted as the truth if it contradicts the actor’s convictions, worldview, and understanding of what is right and what is wrong, i.e. his or her moral order. Cognitive dissonance may happen at state level too, and states tend to keep their systems of beliefs consistent by resisting any information that threatens to destroy their integrity. It would be more effective to engage the other side in dialogue, and that may allow the parties to discover the truth more clearly by being involved in meaningful interactions. </p>
<p><strong>A SAMPLE OF WESTERN NEGATIVE NARRATIVES ABOUT RUSSIA'S LEADERSHIP</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Resurgent Russia</li>
<li>Annexing Crimea</li>
<li>Gaslighting the West over military action in Syria by denying Russia's activity</li>
<li>Backing a dictator in a foreign war</li>
<li>Stirring tensions between NATO and Turkey</li>
<li>Poisoning dissidents on Russian soil</li>
<li>Moscow's belligerence</li>
<li>Severing Russia’s loose diplomatic ties to NATO</li>
<li>Putting troops on international borders</li>
<li>Spreading disinformation</li>
<li>Going after political dissidents.</li>
<li>Poisoning a Russian ex-spy on British soil</li>
<li>Exploiting Europe's gas crisis to force through its Nord Stream pipeline project</li>
<li>Increased repression</li>
<li>Issuing threats regarding unspecified ‘red lines’ that Russia will not tolerate being crossed</li>
<li>Berating the evil West</li>
<li>Peddling bogus disinformation narratives</li>
<li>Trumpeting the strength of the Russian armed forces</li>
<li>Aggressive behavior towards neighboring countries, including Estonia, Georgia and Ukraine</li>
<li>Malign activities against key competitors – most notably the US.</li>
<li>Hostility towards international institutions – most obviously NATO, but also the EU, the European Court of Human Rights and the OPCW</li>
<li>Disdain for international agreements and law.</li>
<li>Aggressive spying or hacking operations with growing frequency</li>
<li>Banning a number of high-ranking European officials, including the president of the European Parliament, as a response to sanctions levelled at Russia over human rights abuses</li>
<li>No meeting of minds on democracy, human rights, good neighborly relations and international law.</li>
<li>Arrest of lawyers, journalists and doctors just for performing their professional duties.</li>
<li>Picking up people from their homes who take part in demonstrations after being identified by artificial intelligence face-recognition systems pioneered in China.</li>
<li>No longer tolerating dissent </li>
<li>Not bound by conventional notions of truth and credibility</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Top Russian Narratives about the EU</strong></p>
<p>Russian television is Kremlin’s number one channel for communicating extremely negative information about the EU countries. Europeans are depicted as spineless, morally degraded and prone to aggressively attacking Russians with their faulty values. It is understood that Russians should rise up to defend themselves, their compatriots and supporters in Europe.</p>
<p>Not surprisingly, most European countries receive a very negative coverage on Russian TV. 90% of all negative news about Europeans can be classified in <strong>6 primary narratives</strong> that, when combined, tell quite a grim story. The content of such messages is rather unoriginal and portrays dissoluteness and moral decay , for example, a “normalization” of sexual perversions and other vices it claims are common in Europe and the United States. Some of the most bizarre quotations include: «Pedophilia is common in all countries that follow American and European policies: Latin America, Canada, Australia…</p>
<p>In parallel with the idea of the «decay» of Europe and western powers in general, Russian propaganda is actively introducing the idea of Russia’s unique spirituality. By consciously pitting the fallen West against spiritually rich Russia, Kremlin suggests that there is a special mission called «Russian world.»</p>
<p>On Russian TV, it appears that Europe is in decay: migrants, terrorist attacks, horrible daily life and as a result constant non-stop protests.</p>
<p>There is an emphasis in Russian news programs on dehumanizing the average European. He/She is depicted as a strange, depraved, unfair human being. Therefore, the European way of life comes as a threat to Russians and public opinion is fine-tuned to embrace the idea that Russia has the right to bring order to Europe in the name of self-preservation.</p>
<p><strong>Six Primary Narratives</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<ol>
<li><strong>“Horrors of Life”</strong>. The most widespread narrative in Russian news is about daily life in Europe. This narrative attempts to persuade Russian citizens that life in Europe is unstable, insecure and full of dangers, thus an average European’s safety is constantly under a threat. The majority of such news pieces are stories about natural and industrial disasters, accidents and crimes. The peculiarity of this narrative is that it is usually based on insignificant events, each shown as something large-scale or even common occurrence. At the same time there might be a lot of similar events in Russia, but they are not mentioned. The techniques of avoiding certain information and, especially direct foreign and domestic comparisons, are employed in order to spread the belief that Europe is very unstable, full of disasters and dangerous to live in. Eventually this creates a story of a hard, fragile and dangerous life in Europe with struggles on daily basis, and a conclusion that Europe “deserves it”. Even reports of “endless” natural disasters in Europe prompt Russian viewers to assume that Mother Nature does not like Europe: according to a social survey by Levada Center (January 2016), 70% of Russians avoid traveling abroad for security reasons. Local authorities in Europe are usually depicted as weak and unable to provide an adequate response to the challenges or using double standards to favor the rich and powerful. The same refers to the police and armed forces of the European countries: if they are mentioned, they are usually shown by Russian TV as weak and inefficient. This narrative predominantly concerns France (16%), Italy (13%), Germany (10%), United Kingdom (9%), and Spain (7%).</li>
<li>“<strong>The Decaying Europe”</strong>. Such wording was consciously chosen as a title for this narrative, because this exact phrase is extremely widespread in Russian media. The narrative is built mainly on affirmations about lack of unity and total decline of moral values in European countries, by using expressions such as “Europe is going to break apart”, “the EU is an artificial formation” and “European values do not exist”. Europeans are depicted as individuals with weak moral values: hypocrisy among political elites, neoNazism, pedophilia and incest are shown as if they were common, ordinary cases. It is also important to note that Russian media classifies LGBT rights and gender equality advocates as the same “problematic” Europeans who practice bestiality, pedophilia and incest. Russians, on the contrary, are positioned vis-a-vis the decadent Europeans as “bearers of spirituality and real values” and thus have to fight to preserve these values, sometimes aggressively, because the virus of the “The Decaying Europe” can erode and ruin Russia as well. The tools of the “The Decaying Europe” narrative are fanciful stories about “rewriting history” and “renaissance of fascism.” The former is usually applied to a number of countries of the former USSR – the Baltic countries, Ukraine and Poland. According to Russian TV, these countries try to wipe out a memory of common victories and “impose a myth” on young generations that the USSR was a horrible country. Kremlin’s TV channels persuade the audience that a triumph of far-right forces throughout Europe is a direct consequence of the “inability to learn lessons from history” and Russia in this situation has “a moral duty” to prevent the “renaissance of Nazism” and ensure order in Europe – even by force if necessary. Russia actively uses this narrative when talking about Ukraine and Europe. More than 70% of this narrative is built around the message that Europe falls apart and is full of internal conflicts in all domains: politics, economy, judicial and moral values. The idea for the united Europe, based on shared values, is depicted as unrealistic (Catalonia and Brexit are used as proof). According to Russian media, there are strong European countries that infringe upon other weak countries.</li>
<li><strong>Protests.</strong> According to Russian TV, there are strikes and protests happening every day in European countries: janitors, health workers, farmers, stewards, staff of the Eiffel Tower etc. demonstrate their disagreement with government’s policy. Inefficient and weak management leads to discontent, voices of the people are not heard and so they have to go to the streets to defend their rights. Moreover, there are plenty of deep-seated flaws in economy, national and security policies that leave an average European no choice but to protest. It is obvious that protests are not something extraordinary in a democratic country. They are one of the efficient tools of a dialogue with the authorities and are a characteristic of free speech – something that exists at the core of all democracies. In contrast, in Russia protests are portrayed as useless and as a sign of weakness. Protests in Russia usually lead to dozens or hundreds of protesters being taken into custody with little effect on public opinion regarding the protested issue.</li>
<li> <strong>Terrorism.</strong> All media worldwide cover terrorist attacks, but Russian media do it in a specific way by trying to create the impression that Europe is under constant attack. Sometimes, even crimes that had no terrorist motives, are shown as terrorist attacks. Such story is almost always accompanied by comments about the weakness of the police and security services. The tragedies are often depicted as a “pay-off”, a “punishment” of European countries for inadequate policies, their inability to cope with migration crisis and unwillingness to cooperate with Russia on different matters.</li>
<li><strong> Refugee crisis</strong> is yet another of the top narratives used by the Russian media. The refugee crisis is interpreted as “a result of Europe’s own fault,” because Europe supported the US when the latter became involved in the war in Syria. The overall picture shown to the Russian audience is rather grim: thousands of hungry and dangerous immigrants are filling European towns day by day, pushing out the locals, committing crimes and terrorist attacks. “Indeed, the very first blow of the migration wave brought all the deep-seated contradictions inside the European Union to the surface.” This narrative is mainly associated with Germany and the EU. Additionally, Russian media blame Europe for its “hypocrisy”: that it inspired Syrian people to immigrate, but later realized that refugees were a burden. According to Russian media, the way refugees have been handled in the EU had created an unprecedented crisis – refugees are kept in horrible, inhumane conditions in the EU countries. “At a time when the European Union struggles to remain a space of freedom, security, and justice, dozens of people are settling down in the barracks where Nazis kept the Jews.”</li>
<li><strong>Sanctions</strong> <strong>imposed on Russia</strong>. Key message of this narrative is about sanctions imposed against Russia together with the Russian counter-sanctions and them hurting the EU so much that the growing amount of countries wish to remove them in order to survive. This narrative also puts blame on the US, specifying that it refuses to allow the EU to lift sanctions against Russia. It is stated as a common knowledge that the EU is inferior and is under the direct control of the US. The “Sanctions” narrative is used to highlight the strength of Russia. It is often supported by very dubious examples from history, all of them depicting Europe as a cruel power that tried to conquer Russia for centuries, but had always failed. Russians are also described as people who do not need European welfare, because they have a higher moral compass, which does not depend on economic factors. World War II is often used as an example of Russia’s superiority despite the technological advancement of Europe. A distinct feature of Russian news is that the viewer virtually never gets an unaltered fact about an event, but an interpretation, an already formed opinion. The opposing point of view on Russian talk shows is usually mocked or presented nominally. This function is performed by the same people who are regularly humiliated, ridiculed, and sometimes even beaten in the studio. The task of these people is to showcase the other side as stupid, unfair, ridiculous. With such background Russian mainstream narratives look more convincing, consistent and meaningful. General emphasis on top national channels has a consistently expressed emotional tone color – aggressiveness, contempt and preaching doom to Europeans.</li>
</ol>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/54" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">russia</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/3209" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">THE WEST AND THE GROWING GAP BETWEEN NARRATIVES</a></div></div></div><div class="social-share clearfix"><span class="share-label">Share to: </span><a href="http://digg.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;title=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES" class="social-share-digg" title="Digg" target="_blank">Digg</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;t=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES" class="social-share-facebook" title="Facebook" target="_blank">Facebook</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives" class="social-share-googleplus" title="Google Plus" target="_blank">Google Plus</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;mini=true&amp;title=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES&amp;ro=false&amp;summary=Author%3A%20Alisher%20Faizullaev%0AStates%20have%20always%20had%20...&amp;source=" class="social-share-linkedin" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://profile.live.com/badge/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;title=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES&amp;description=Author%3A%20Alisher%20Faizullaev%0AStates%20have%20always%20had%20..." class="social-share-msnlive" title="MSN Live" target="_blank">MSN Live</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;title=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES" class="social-share-reddit" title="Reddit" target="_blank">Reddit</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;title=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES" class="social-share-stumbleupon" title="StumbleUpon" target="_blank">StumbleUpon</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;text=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES" class="social-share-twitter" title="Twitter" target="_blank">Twitter</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://bookmarks.yahoo.com/toolbar/savebm?opener=tb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Frussia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives&amp;t=RUSSIA%2C%20THE%20WEST%20AND%20THE%20GROWING%20GAP%20BETWEEN%20NARRATIVES&amp;d=Author%3A%20Alisher%20Faizullaev%0AStates%20have%20always%20had%20..." class="social-share-yahoo" title="Yahoo" target="_blank">Yahoo</a>&nbsp;</div></description>
<pubDate>Sat, 23 Oct 2021 13:17:06 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>christian</dc:creator>
<guid isPermaLink="false">4276 at https://www.aalep.eu</guid>
<comments>https://www.aalep.eu/russia-west-and-growing-gap-between-narratives#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
<title>ABOUT MGIMO, RUSSIA</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/about-mgimo-russia</link>
<description><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>MGIMO is renowned as one of the leading Russian universities for international, political, legal and economic studies. MGIMO today is a full-fledge university offering both graduate and undergraduate degree programs, as well as PhD, MBA, EMBA courses and pre-university tutorial. The range of academic disciplines constantly expands as new departments and programs are launched every year.</p>
<p>The University structure comprises two campuses, ten schools and three institutes. Over its 75-year history, MGIMO has evolved from a purely “diplomatic school” to a university that breeds innovative leaders with a global perspective. MGIMO is known by its teamwork, analytical thinking, critical reasoning and strategic planning.</p>
<ul>
<li>Undergraduate, Postgraduate (Master’s and PhD), as well as continuing education programs (MBA, EMBA) in over 30 areas of study.</li>
<li>First top Russian university offering a full-fledged B.A. program in International Affairs for foreign students, taught entirely in English.</li>
<li>Guinness Record for 53 living languages concurrently taught full-time in every term.</li>
<li>355 of the QS Top University ranking (2018) – one of 4 Russia’s Universities enlisted and the only one to be granted 5QS stars for quality management practices, internationalization, employability, and 4 QS stars for teaching.</li>
<li>4th best research center of Central and Eastern Europe (UN commissioned Pennsylvania University Survey). </li>
<li>Full APSIA (Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs) Member School.</li>
<li>More than 200 cooperation agreements with foreign partners from 65 countries.</li>
<li>78 courses in English, German and French offered at Bachelor’s and Master’s levels.</li>
<li>Among MGIMO graduates – 3 Presidents, 10 Foreign Ministers, 8 Prime Ministers, 880 Ambassadors of Russia and foreign countries.</li>
<li>33 Dual Degree Programs.</li>
<li>International AMBA accreditation</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Cooperation</strong></p>
<p>A key priority of MGIMO international policy is the development of bilateral and multilateral international relations, and the promotion of educational and scientific exchange. Cooperation agreements with more than 200 foreign partners from 63 countries – universities, diplomatic academies, institutes, and research centers – help to ensure the highest global standards in educational and research work.</p>
<ul>
<li>The University is focused on mutual Bachelor and Master degree educational programs which comply with the Bologna process. In recent years MGIMO has developed dual degree MA programs with universities in France, Italy, Germany and Norway.</li>
<li>Each year exchange programs with foreign universities see more than 100 international students enrolling at MGIMO for a semester or full academic year. Depending on their specialization, international exchange students choose from a variety of courses taught in Russian across different programs. They also regularly take advanced Russian language courses to improve their knowledge.</li>
<li><strong>Exchange programs are a vital part of the MGIMO experience.</strong></li>
<li>Coordination of the international cooperation agreements with universities from around the world is one of the International Office's main tasks.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Partner universities include:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Austria</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Diplomatic Academy of Vienna<strong> (</strong><a href="http://www.da-vienna.ac.at/en/">www.da-vienna.ac.at/en/</a><strong>)</strong></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Australia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Australian National University, College of Asia and Pacific (<a href="http://www.anu.edu.au/">www.anu.edu.au</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Azerbaijan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Baku Slavic University (<a href="http://www.bsu-edu.org/">www.bsu-edu.org</a>)</li>
<li>Azerbaijan State Economic University (<a href="http://www.aseu.az/">www.aseu.az</a>)</li>
<li>Baku State University (<a href="http://www.bsu.edu.az/">www.bsu.edu.az</a>)</li>
<li>Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy (<a href="http://www.ada.edu.az/">www.ada.edu.az</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Armenia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Yerevan State University (<a href="http://www.ysum.am/">www.ysum.am</a>)</li>
<li>Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University (<a href="http://www.rau.am-/">www.rau.am</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Belarus</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Academy of Public Administration under the aegis of the President of the Republic of Belarus (<a href="http://www.pac.by/">www.pac.by</a>)</li>
<li>Grodno State University named after Yanka Kupala (<a href="http://www.grsu.by/">www.grsu.by</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Brazil</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Campinas, Unicamp (<a href="http://www.unicamp.br/">www.unicamp.br</a>)</li>
<li>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ (<a href="http://www.ufrj.br/">www.ufrj.br</a>)</li>
<li>Fundaçao Getulio Vargas (<a href="http://www.portal.fgv.br/">www.portal.fgv.br</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Bulgaria</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski (<a href="http://www.uni-sofia.bg/">www.uni-sofia.bg</a>)</li>
<li>University of National and World Economy (UNWE) (<a href="http://www.unwe.bg/">www.unwe.bg</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Canada</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Ottawa (<a href="http://www.uottawa.ca/">www.uottawa.ca</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Chile</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Santiago, Chile (<a href="http://www.usach.cl/">www.usach.cl</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>China</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of International Business Economics (UIBE) (<a href="http://www.uibe.cn/">www.uibe.cn</a>)</li>
<li>China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU) (<a href="http://www.cfau.edu.cn/">www.cfau.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>Beijing Foreign Studies University (<a href="http://www.global.bfsu.edu.cn/">www.global.bfsu.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>Beijing International Studies University (<a href="http://www.en.bisu.edu.cn/">www.en.bisu.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>Dalian University of Foreign Languages (<a href="http://www.edawai.dlufl.edu.cn/">www.edawai.dlufl.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>University of Hong Kong (<a href="http://www.hku.hk/">www.hku.hk</a>)</li>
<li>Jilin University (JUL) (<a href="http://www.jlu.edu.cn/">www.jlu.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>Jilin University (<a href="http://www.global.jlu.edu.cn/">www.global.jlu.edu.cn</a>)</li>
<li>Wuhan University (WHU) (<a href="http://www.whu.edu.cn/">www.whu.edu.cn</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Croatia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Zagreb School of Economics and Management (<a href="http://www.zsem.hr/">www.zsem.hr</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Cyprus</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Nicosia (<a href="http://www.unic.ac.cy/">www.unic.ac.cy</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Czech Republic</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Economics, Prague (<a href="http://www.vse.cz/">www.vse.cz</a>)</li>
<li>Masaryk University (<a href="http://www.muni.cz/">www.muni.cz</a>)</li>
<li>University of West Bohemia (<a href="http://www.zcu.cz/">www.zcu.cz</a>)</li>
<li>Technical University of Ostrava (<a href="http://www.vsb.cz/">www.vsb.cz</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Finland</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Eastern Finland (<a href="http://www.ief.fi/">www.ief.fi</a>)</li>
<li>University of Tampere School of Social Sciences and Humanities (<a href="http://www.uta.fi/">www.uta.fi</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>France</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Sciences Po Paris (<a href="http://www.sciencespo.fr/">www.sciencespo.fr</a>)</li>
<li>HEC School of Management, HEC-Paris (<a href="http://www.hec.edu/">www.hec.edu</a>)</li>
<li>IECS- Strasbourg- Strasbourg graduate School of Management (<a href="http://www.em-strasbourg.eu/">www.em-strasbourg.eu</a>)</li>
<li>IEP- Institut d’Etudes Politiques (<a href="http://www.sciencespo-strasbourg.fr/">www.sciencespo-strasbourg.fr</a>)</li>
<li>Sciences Po Lille (<a href="http://www.sciencespo-lille.eu/">www.sciencespo-lille.eu</a>)</li>
<li>Université de Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne (<a href="http://www.pantheonsorbonne.fr/">www.pantheonsorbonne.fr</a>)</li>
<li>European Business School Paris (<a href="http://www.ebs-paris.fr/">www.ebs-paris.fr</a>)</li>
<li>Toulouse Business School (<a href="http://www.tbs-education.fr/">www.tbs-education.fr</a>)</li>
<li>Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) (<a href="http://www.cnam.fr/">www.cnam.fr</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Germany</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (<a href="http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/">www.uni-tuebingen.de</a>)</li>
<li>Reutlingen University, ESB Business School (<a href="http://www.reutlingen-university.de/">www.reutlingen-university.de</a>)</li>
<li>Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin HU (<a href="http://www.hu-berlin.de/">www.hu-berlin.de</a>)</li>
<li>University of Erfurt (<a href="http://www.uni-erfurt.de/">www.uni-erfurt.de</a>)</li>
<li>Freie Universität Berlin (<a href="http://www.fu-berlin.de/">www.fu-berlin.de</a>)</li>
<li>Faculty of Business Administration- Munich School of Management, LMU (<a href="http://www.irc.bwl.uni-muenchen.de/">www.irc.bwl.uni-muenchen.de</a>)</li>
<li>Leipzig University (<a href="http://www.uni-leipzig.de/">www.uni-leipzig.de</a>)</li>
<li>Technische Universität Dresden (<a href="http://www.tu-dresden.de/">www.tu-dresden.de</a>)</li>
<li>Handelshochschule Leipzig, HHL (<a href="http://www.hhl.de/">www.hhl.de</a>)</li>
<li>Osnabrück University (<a href="http://www.uni-osnabrueck.de/">www.uni-osnabrueck.de</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Greece</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (<a href="http://www.auth.gr/">www.auth.gr</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Hungary</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Corvinus University of Budapest (<a href="http://www.uni-corvinus.hu/">www.uni-corvinus.hu</a>)</li>
<li>Eotvos Lorand University (<a href="http://www.elte.hu/">www.elte.hu</a>)</li>
<li>National University of Public Service (<a href="http://www.en.uni-nke.hu/">www.en.uni-nke.hu</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>India</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (<a href="http://www.idsa.in/">www.idsa.in</a>)</li>
<li>Jawaharlal Nehru University (<a href="http://www.jnu.ac.in/">www.jnu.ac.in</a>)</li>
<li>Indian Council of World Affairs (<a href="http://www.icwa.in/">www.icwa.in</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Iran</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Institute for North American and European Studies, University of Tehran (<a href="http://www.uc.ac.ir/">www.uc.ac.ir</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Israel</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Tel Aviv University (<a href="http://www.english.tau.ac.il/">www.english.tau.ac.il</a>)</li>
<li>Open University of Israel (<a href="http://www.openu.ac.il/">www.openu.ac.il</a>)</li>
<li>Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (<a href="http://www.idc.ac.il/">www.idc.ac.il</a>)</li>
<li>University of Haifa (<a href="http://www.haifa.ac.il/">www.haifa.ac.il</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Italy</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>“L’orientale” University of Naples (<a href="http://www.unior.it/">www.unior.it</a>)</li>
<li>University of Florence (<a href="http://www.unifi.it/">www.unifi.it</a>)</li>
<li>University of Messina (<a href="http://www.unime.it/">www.unime.it</a>)</li>
<li>University of Trieste (<a href="http://www.units.it/">www.units.it</a>)</li>
<li>Universitat degli studi Internazionali di Roma UNINT (<a href="http://www.unint.eu/">www.unint.eu</a>)</li>
<li>University of Palermo (<a href="http://www.unipa.it/">www.unipa.it</a>)</li>
<li>Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (<a href="http://www.unicatt.it/">www.unicatt.it</a>)</li>
<li>Libera Universita Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli (<a href="http://www.luiss.edu/">www.luiss.edu</a>)</li>
<li>Sapienza University of Rome (<a href="http://www.en.uniroma1.it/">www.en.uniroma1.it</a>)</li>
<li>University of Macerata (<a href="http://www.unimc.it/">www.unimc.it</a>)</li>
<li>University of Turin (<a href="http://www.unito.it/">www.unito.it</a>)</li>
<li>Universita Commerciale Luigi Bocconi (<a href="http://www.unibocconi.eu/">www.unibocconi.eu</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Japan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Aoyama Gakuin University (<a href="http://www.aoyama.ac.jp/">www.aoyama.ac.jp</a>)</li>
<li>University of Shizuoka (<a href="http://www.eng.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp/">www.eng.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp</a>)</li>
<li>International Christian University (<a href="http://www.icu.ac.jp/">www.icu.ac.jp</a>)</li>
<li>Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (<a href="http://www.tufs.ac.jp/english">www.tufs.ac.jp/english</a>)</li>
<li>Meiji University (<a href="http://www.meiji.ac.jp/">www.meiji.ac.jp</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Jordan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Jordan (<a href="http://www.ju.edu.jo/">www.ju.edu.jo</a>)</li>
<li>Jordan Institute of Diplomacy (<a href="http://www.id.gov.jo/">www.id.gov.jo</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Kazakhstan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Ablai Khan University (<a href="http://www.ablaikhan.kz/en">www.ablaikhan.kz/en</a>)</li>
<li>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (<a href="http://www.enu.kz/en">www.enu.kz/en</a>)</li>
<li>Kazakh-Russian International University (<a href="http://www.krmu.kz/">www.krmu.kz</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Democratic People’s Republic of Korea</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Kim II Sung University (<a href="http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/">www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Republic of Korea</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Korea University (<a href="http://www.korea.eu/">www.korea.eu</a>)</li>
<li>Kyung Hee University (<a href="http://www.old_www.khu.ac.kr/">www.old_www.khu.ac.kr</a>)</li>
<li>Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (<a href="http://www.international.hufs.ac.kr/">www.international.hufs.ac.kr</a>)</li>
<li>Seoul National University, Graduate School of International Studies (<a href="http://www.useoul.edu/">www.useoul.edu</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Kosovo</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>University of Prishtina (<a href="http://www.uni-pr.edu/">www.uni-pr.edu</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Kyrgyzstan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic (<a href="http://www.en.dipacademy.kg/">www.en.dipacademy.kg</a>)</li>
<li>Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (<a href="http://www.krsu.edu.kg/">www.krsu.edu.kg</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Latvia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Baltic International Academy (<a href="http://www.bsa.edu.lv/">www.bsa.edu.lv</a>)</li>
<li>School of Business Administration Turiba (<a href="http://www.turiba.lv/">www.turiba.lv</a>)</li>
<li>University of Latvia (<a href="http://www.lu.lv/en">www.lu.lv/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Lithuania</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Vytautas Magnus University (<a href="http://www.vtu.lt./en">www.vtu.lt./en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Mexico</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (<a href="http://www.tec.mx/">www.tec.mx</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Moldova</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Moldova Institute of International Relations (IRIM) (<a href="http://www.irim.md/">www.irim.md</a>)</li>
<li>Shevchenko Transnitria State University (<a href="http://www.spsu.ru/">www.spsu.ru</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Mongolia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>National University of Mongolia (<a href="http://www.num.edu.mn/en">www.num.edu.mn/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Netherlands</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Erasmus University Rotterdam (<a href="http://www.eur.nl/">www.eur.nl</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Norway</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Bergen (<a href="http://www.uib.no/en">www.uib.no/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Palestine</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Birzeit University (<a href="http://www.birzeit.edu/">www.birzeit.edu</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Philippines</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Santo Tomas (<a href="http://www.ust.edu.pl/">www.ust.edu.pl</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Poland</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Warsaw (<a href="http://www.uw.edu.pl/">www.uw.edu.pl</a>)</li>
<li>University of Gdansk (<a href="http://www.eng.ug.edu.pl/">www.eng.ug.edu.pl</a>)</li>
<li>Warsaw School of Economics (<a href="http://www.sgh.waw.pl/en">www.sgh.waw.pl/en</a>)</li>
<li>Nowy Sacz School of Business-National-Louis University (<a href="http://www.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/">www.wsb-nlu.edu.pl</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Portugal</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Minho (<a href="http://www.uminho.pt/">www.uminho.pt</a>)</li>
<li>Instituto Superior de Ciencias Sociais e Politicas, ISCSP (<a href="http://www.iscsp.ulisboa.pt/">www.iscsp.ulisboa.pt</a>)</li>
<li>Universidade de Coimbra (<a href="http://www.uc.pt/">www.uc.pt</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Serbia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Belgrade (<a href="http://www.bg.ac.rs/en">www.bg.ac.rs/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Singapore</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore (<a href="http://www.lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/">www.lkyspp.nus.edu.sg</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Slovakia</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Matej Bel University (<a href="http://www.umb.sk/">www.umb.sk</a>)</li>
<li>University of Economics in Bratislava (<a href="http://www.euba.sk/">www.euba.sk</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Republic of South Africa</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Pretoria (<a href="http://www.uo.ac.za/">www.uo.ac.za</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Spain</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Complutense University of Madrid (<a href="http://www.ucm.es/english">www.ucm.es/english</a>)</li>
<li>University of Castille-La Mancha (<a href="http://www.uclm.es/">www.uclm.es</a>)</li>
<li>University of Valencia (<a href="http://www.uv.es/">www.uv.es</a>)</li>
<li>University of Seville (<a href="http://www.us.es/">www.us.es</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Sweden</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Uppsala University (<a href="http://www.uu.se/">www.uu.se</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Switzerland</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Geneva (<a href="http://www.unige.ch/">www.unige.ch</a>)</li>
<li>Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations (<a href="http://www.genevadiplomacy.ch/">www.genevadiplomacy.ch</a>)</li>
<li>University of St. Gallen (<a href="http://www.unisg.ch/">www.unisg.ch</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Taiwan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Yuan Ze University (<a href="http://www.yzu.edu.tw/">www.yzu.edu.tw</a>)</li>
<li>National Tsing Hua University (<a href="http://www.nthu-en.web.nthu.edu.tw/">www.nthu-en.web.nthu.edu.tw</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Thailand</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Thammasat University (<a href="http://www.tu.ac.th/en">www.tu.ac.th/en</a>)</li>
<li>Chulalongkorn University (<a href="http://www.chula.ac.th/en">www.chula.ac.th/en</a>)</li>
<li>Mahidol University (<a href="http://www.mahidol.ac.th/">www.mahidol.ac.th</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Turkey</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Ankara University (<a href="http://www.ankara.edu.tr/">www.ankara.edu.tr</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Turkmenistan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan (<a href="http://www.mfa.gov.tm/en">www.mfa.gov.tm/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Uzbekistan</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of World Economy and Diplomacy (<a href="http://www.uwed.uz/">www.uwed.uz</a>)</li>
<li>Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat o’zbek tili va adabiyoti universiteti (<a href="http://www.navoiy-uni.uz-/">www.navoiy-uni.uz</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Ukraine</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Institute of International Relations Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (<a href="http://www.univ.kiev.ua/en">www.univ.kiev.ua/en</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>United Arab Emirates</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Emirates Institute of Diplomacy (<a href="http://www.eda.ac.ae/">www.eda.ac.ae</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>United Kingdom</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Regent’s University of London (<a href="http://www.regents.ac.uk/">www.regents.ac.uk</a>)</li>
<li>University of Reading (<a href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/">www.reading.ac.uk</a>)</li>
<li>University of St. Andrews (<a href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/">www.st-andrews.ac.uk</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>United States of America</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>American University (<a href="http://www.american.edu/">www.american.edu</a>)</li>
<li>Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (<a href="http://www.sais-jhu.edu/">www.sais-jhu.edu</a>)</li>
<li>Fletcher School, Tufts University (<a href="http://www.fletcher-tufts.edu/">www.fletcher-tufts.edu</a>)</li>
<li>Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (<a href="http://www.middlebury.edu/institute">www.middlebury.edu/institute</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Vietnam</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>University of Social Sciences and HUlanities, Vietnam National University (<a href="http://www.ussh.vnu.edu.vn/">www.ussh.vnu.edu.vn</a>)</li>
<li>Hanoi University of Law (<a href="http://www.hlu.edu.vn/">www.hlu.edu.vn</a>)</li>
<li>Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam (<a href="http://www.dav.edu.vn/">www.dav.edu.vn</a>)</li>
</ol>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2521" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">ABOUT MGIMO</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/54" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">russia</a></div></div></div><div class="social-share clearfix"><span class="share-label">Share to: </span><a href="http://digg.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;title=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-digg" title="Digg" target="_blank">Digg</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;t=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-facebook" title="Facebook" target="_blank">Facebook</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia" class="social-share-googleplus" title="Google Plus" target="_blank">Google Plus</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;mini=true&amp;title=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA&amp;ro=false&amp;summary=MGIMO%20is%20renowned%20as%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20Russian%20un...&amp;source=" class="social-share-linkedin" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://profile.live.com/badge/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;title=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA&amp;description=MGIMO%20is%20renowned%20as%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20Russian%20un..." class="social-share-msnlive" title="MSN Live" target="_blank">MSN Live</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;title=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-reddit" title="Reddit" target="_blank">Reddit</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;title=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-stumbleupon" title="StumbleUpon" target="_blank">StumbleUpon</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;text=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-twitter" title="Twitter" target="_blank">Twitter</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://bookmarks.yahoo.com/toolbar/savebm?opener=tb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fabout-mgimo-russia&amp;t=ABOUT%20MGIMO%2C%20RUSSIA&amp;d=MGIMO%20is%20renowned%20as%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20Russian%20un..." class="social-share-yahoo" title="Yahoo" target="_blank">Yahoo</a>&nbsp;</div></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Jul 2019 14:34:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>christian</dc:creator>
<guid isPermaLink="false">3602 at https://www.aalep.eu</guid>
<comments>https://www.aalep.eu/about-mgimo-russia#comments</comments>
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<title>EXPOSURE OF MAJOR WESTERN COMPANIES IN RUSSIA</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/exposure-major-western-companies-russia</link>
<description><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>The listing here below is not exhaustive. It highlights the exposure of major companies by countries active in Russia that could suffer from a further deterioration of trade relations. Already sanctions are taking a toll on business. </p>
<p><strong>Austria</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Raiffeisen Bank</strong> has €18bn of loans to Russia and Ukraine</li>
<li><strong>Erste Group</strong> is warning that the turmoil could impact banks in eastern Europe.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Denmark</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Carlsberg </strong>generates nearly 40 per cent of its earnings from its operations in Russia.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>France</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Total</strong>, the French major, owns a fifth of Yamal LNG, a huge LNG project in the north of Russia. Total has frozen its purchases of shares in Russia’s second-largest ntural gas producer Novatek. </li>
<li><strong>CGG</strong>, a French seismic surveyor, could also be affected by the sanctions because its technology is used to map oil and natural gas reserves. The company has data on the Russian Arctic.</li>
<li><strong>Peugeot Citroen</strong> auto sales are declining. </li>
<li>Avtovaz controlled by <strong>RenaulNissan</strong> has a 29 per cent share of the Russian market in 2012, by far the largest of any foreign group</li>
<li><strong>Danone</strong> generated ten per cent of its sales in 2012 to Russia, its largest single market.</li>
<li><strong>Société Générale </strong>second quarter profits at its Russian unit have fallen 36%.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Finland</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Fortum</strong>, Finland’s biggest utility company, owns OAO Fortum, and a minority stake in TGK-1 Fortum. About a quarter of its 2016 earnings are projected to come from Russia.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Germany</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Germany is Russia‘s second-biggest trade partner, after China, with companies such as <strong>Siemens, ThyssenKrupp and Volkswagen</strong> active investors in the country.</li>
<li><strong>Siemens </strong>indicates that the current situation poses serious risks for Europe’s growth this year and next. </li>
<li><strong>Volkswagen </strong>has 6 per cent share of the Russian market and their operations are suffering. It has recorded an 8% drop in its car sales in Russia in the first six months of this year.</li>
<li><strong>Adidas</strong> also warns their Russian operations are suffering. The company is shutting stores and scaling back expansion in Russia. It slashed its 2014 earnings forecast by 20% to 30% partly because of Russia. </li>
<li><strong>E-ON</strong> owns controlling stakes in locally listed subsidiaries. E-ON projected 10% of 2016 earnings to come from Russia.</li>
<li>German-based retailer <strong>Metro</strong> has about $2 billion invested in Russia, but sales in Eastern Europe collapsed by 14 percent between April and June. Metro had planned to take its Russian subsidiary Cash &amp; Carry public this year, but has postponed because of the weakening ruble. </li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Italy</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>ENI </strong>signed a joint venture agreements with Rosneft to explore for oil in Russia’s Arctic,</li>
<li><strong>ENEL </strong>owns controlling stakes in locally listed subsidiaries. 3% of 2016 earnings are projected to come from Russia.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Netherlands</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Royal Dutch Shell has a stake in the huge Sakhalin 2 liquefied natural gas project in the Russian Far East. It is also a partner with Gazprom Neft, the Russian gas group’s oil arm, in the Salym oilfield in Siberia, and is working on joint projects in the Russian Arctic.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Norway</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Statoil</strong> signed a joint venture agreement with Rosneft to explore for oil in Russia’s Arctic</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Switzerland</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Glencore Xstratathe </strong>Swiss commodities trader, has a $5bn oil-for-cash deal with Rosneft and has lent $2bn to Russian oil company Russneft.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>United Kingdom</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The UK’s <strong>BP</strong> is the most exposed to Russia of the oil super-majors. In 2012 the company sold its stake in TNK-BP, one of Russia’s largest oil producers, to Rosneft in a deal that left it with nearly a fifth of the Russian national oil champion. In the fourth quarter Rosneft contributed $1bn to BP’s underlying profit – 35 per cent of the total.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>USA</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Exxon </strong>has a joint venture agreements with Rosneft the state-controlled oil champion for developing tight oil in Siberia, exploration in the Arctic Kara, Chukchi and Laptev seas. ExxonMobil is the US oil company with the largest Russian operations, and has been an investor there for 20 years. It operates and has a 30 per cent stake in the Sakhalin 1 offshore oil and gas project in Russia’s far east, which produced 145,000 barrels of crude per day in 2012. Exxon was expected to spend $51.7 billion in Russia this year. Rosneft also, last year, took a 30 per cent stake in 20 exploration blocks operated by Exxon in the Gulf of Mexico.</li>
<li><strong>General Electric</strong> the industrial and finance group, is another US company that has been growing fast in Russia. It has annual revenues of more than $1bn in Russia, selling products such as equipment for the oil and gas industry, power generation and aero-engines.</li>
<li><strong>General Motors</strong> has a 7 per cent share of the Russian auto market but sales are decreasing</li>
<li><strong>Ford</strong> auto sales are decreasing</li>
<li><strong>Boeing Co.</strong>,might see manufacturing costs rise if the imbroglio disrupts its access to titanium, a light-weight metal favored for jet aircraft such as its 787 Dreamliner. VSMPO-AVISMA, a Russian titanium producer, provided 35 percent of the supply used by Boeing’s commercial airplanes unit.</li>
<li><strong>Mc Donald</strong> is running into trouble with Russian regulators, who have accused the company of misrepresenting the nutritional value of its food.</li>
<li><strong>Wendy’s </strong>(in Russia since 2011) is quitting the country, blaming a change in management at its local partner Wenrus. </li>
<li><strong>Visa and Master Card </strong>are facing the prospect of tighter restrictions on the way credit card companies can operate in Russia as the Russian government considers its own national payments system in response to earlier US sanctions.</li>
<li><strong>Bank of America</strong> has almost halved its exposure to Russia this year to $ 3.9 billion.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/83" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">western companies</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/54" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">russia</a></div><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/84" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">exposure</a></div></div></div><div class="social-share clearfix"><span class="share-label">Share to: </span><a href="http://digg.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;title=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-digg" title="Digg" target="_blank">Digg</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;t=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-facebook" title="Facebook" target="_blank">Facebook</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia" class="social-share-googleplus" title="Google Plus" target="_blank">Google Plus</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;mini=true&amp;title=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA&amp;ro=false&amp;summary=The%20listing%20here%20below%20is%20not%20exhaustive.%20It%20highl...&amp;source=" class="social-share-linkedin" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://profile.live.com/badge/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;title=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA&amp;description=The%20listing%20here%20below%20is%20not%20exhaustive.%20It%20highl..." class="social-share-msnlive" title="MSN Live" target="_blank">MSN Live</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;title=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-reddit" title="Reddit" target="_blank">Reddit</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;title=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-stumbleupon" title="StumbleUpon" target="_blank">StumbleUpon</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;text=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-twitter" title="Twitter" target="_blank">Twitter</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://bookmarks.yahoo.com/toolbar/savebm?opener=tb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fexposure-major-western-companies-russia&amp;t=EXPOSURE%20OF%20MAJOR%20WESTERN%20COMPANIES%20IN%20RUSSIA&amp;d=The%20listing%20here%20below%20is%20not%20exhaustive.%20It%20highl..." class="social-share-yahoo" title="Yahoo" target="_blank">Yahoo</a>&nbsp;</div></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2014 12:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>christian</dc:creator>
<guid isPermaLink="false">1341 at https://www.aalep.eu</guid>
<comments>https://www.aalep.eu/exposure-major-western-companies-russia#comments</comments>
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<item>
<title>ATTACKING GLOBAL CONSULTANTS WOULD ONLY HURT RUSSIA</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/attacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia</link>
<description><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Russia is considering legislation to target global accounting and auditing firms because 'these are companies are viewed as apparently having sensitive positions in terms of Russia’s sovereignty and economic security’. Targeted companies would include the Boston Consulting Group, PricewaterhouseCoopers, KPMG, Mc Kinsey &amp; Co, Deloitte and Ernst &amp; Young.</p>
<p>A sudden ban on foreign providers of such services would only seriously impede corporate Russia from functioning. Indeed, a large number of Russia’s companies use offshore holding structures governed by English law. And Russian oil companies, telecom companies, energy companies, consumer goods manufacturers automotive manufacturers would be severely hurt if such a legislation were to pass. Beside many of those consulting companies have been Russian-based for the last 25 years and are very much part of the Russian corporate landscape.</p>
<p><strong>A Brief Review of Targeted Consultants</strong></p>
<p><strong>Boston Consulting Group </strong>:BCG's Moscow office opened in 1994. The office serves a broad base of domestic and international companies located throughout Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). These organizations require high-level strategy combined with hands-on support. BCG Moscow is actively working with Russia's major oil companies, an international energy giant, a few large local retail chains, key fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers, one of the top three telecom players, and companies from key sectors of Russia's and the CIS's economy such as industrial goods, natural resources, and automotive.</p>
<p><strong>PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC):</strong> PwC appeared in Russia for the first time in 1913, and reopened its doors for good in 1989 with an office in Moscow. Since then PwC has become the largest network of firms in Russia providing audit, consulting and tax &amp; legal services. The firm has nearly 25 years of experience working with Russian and international companies, and has taken an active role in the socio-economic development of the country. The Moscow office employs over 2000 people, 150 of whom are foreigners from 32 different countries. The remainder are Russian citizens from 77 different regions. Clients in Russia represent over 2000 companies, 166 of which appear in the 400 largest companies in Russia. PwC has offices in Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Vladikavkaz, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.</p>
<p><strong>McKinsey &amp; Company: </strong>McKinsey &amp; Company is a leading global management consulting firm. McKinsey has been working with leading organizations in Russia since 1993, serving a wide range of local and international clients, from oil and gas companies to banks and retail networks. McKinsey also works with state entities, international financial organizations, and cultural institutions in the country. The Moscow office counts 25 partners.</p>
<p><strong>KPMG:</strong> KPMG has been working in Russia since 1990. We provide audit and advisory services on tax and financial issues to major Russian and global companies and to a broad range of non-governmental organizations and financial institutions. The company maintains offices in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, Nishny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Perm and Rostov-on-Don.</p>
<p><strong>Deloitte: </strong> Deloitte Russia is one of the leading professional services firms, providing audit, consulting, financial advisory, risk management, tax and legal services. It maintains offices in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ufa, Yakaterinburg, Yushno-Sakhalinsk</p>
<p><strong>Ernst and Young:</strong> EY is a global leader in advisory and assurance, egional demand for advisory services. With the office in Rostov-on-Don (just opened), EY’s is now present in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Togliatti, Vladivostok, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Rostov-on-Don). </p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/54" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">russia</a></div><div class="field-item odd" rel="dc:subject"><a href="/taxonomy/term/82" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Global Consultants</a></div></div></div><div class="social-share clearfix"><span class="share-label">Share to: </span><a href="http://digg.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;title=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-digg" title="Digg" target="_blank">Digg</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;t=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-facebook" title="Facebook" target="_blank">Facebook</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia" class="social-share-googleplus" title="Google Plus" target="_blank">Google Plus</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;mini=true&amp;title=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA&amp;ro=false&amp;summary=Russia%20is%20considering%20legislation%20to%20target%20global...&amp;source=" class="social-share-linkedin" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://profile.live.com/badge/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;title=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA&amp;description=Russia%20is%20considering%20legislation%20to%20target%20global..." class="social-share-msnlive" title="MSN Live" target="_blank">MSN Live</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;title=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-reddit" title="Reddit" target="_blank">Reddit</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;title=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-stumbleupon" title="StumbleUpon" target="_blank">StumbleUpon</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;text=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA" class="social-share-twitter" title="Twitter" target="_blank">Twitter</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://bookmarks.yahoo.com/toolbar/savebm?opener=tb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalep.eu%2Fattacking-global-consultants-would-only-hurt-russia&amp;t=ATTACKING%20GLOBAL%20CONSULTANTS%20WOULD%20ONLY%20HURT%20RUSSIA&amp;d=Russia%20is%20considering%20legislation%20to%20target%20global..." class="social-share-yahoo" title="Yahoo" target="_blank">Yahoo</a>&nbsp;</div></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2014 07:35:58 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>christian</dc:creator>
<guid isPermaLink="false">1340 at https://www.aalep.eu</guid>
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<title>RUSSIA TAKES ACTION</title>
<link>https://www.aalep.eu/russia-takes-action</link>
<description><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Russia takes action:</p>
<p><strong>1. Fruits and Vegetables</strong></p>
<p>Ban on Fruits on most fruit and vegetable imports from Poland and may extend the restrictions to the rest of the EU for fruits that includes seeds and pits. Russia buys more than € 2 billion worth of EU fruit and vegetables a year, making it the biggest export market for the products. According to European Commission figures, the EU sold Russia €1.2 billion worth of fruit and €886 million worth of vegetables in 2011, accounting for 28 per cent of the bloc’s exports of fruit and 21.5 per cent of its vegetables. For some EU countries, including Poland, the percentages are even higher (60 to 70% of Polish exports were to Russia).</p>
<p><strong>2. McDonald</strong></p>
<p>Mc Donald will be subject to investigation with regard to cheese safety</p>
<p><strong>3. U.S. Poultry</strong></p>
<p>Russia <strong>may ban </strong>imports of chicken from the U.S. Russia was the second-largest market, after Mexico, for U.S. chicken last year, according to the USA Poultry &amp; Egg Export Council. The U.S. exported about $309 million worth of broiler chickens to Russia last year, according to the Council. Russia will begin a risk assessment of U.S. poultry imports this week due to an outbreak of salmonella earlier this year and <strong>may ban</strong> the goods in the coming weeks. Russia has already imposed restrictions on U.S. dairy products, beef and pork, and it bans the import and sale of some frozen poultry from the U.S. used in baby food according to a March report from the USTR.</p>
<p><strong>4. Accounting and Consulting Firms</strong></p>
<p>Russia is considering legislation to target companies in nations that impose sanctions against Russian citizens or businesses. The proposal would bar audit and consulting firms from nations defined as "country-aggressor" from working in Russia. If enacted, the law would cover Deloitte, KPMG, Ernst &amp; Young LLP, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Boston Consulting Group Inc. and McKinsey &amp; Co., These are companies viewed as having sensitive positions in terms of Russia’s sovereignty and economic security.</p>
<p><strong>5. U.S. Media Firms</strong></p>
<p>After Accounting and Consulting Firms, U.S. media companies will be next.</p>
<p><strong>6. France</strong></p>
<p>If France fails to deliver ships, Russia will build them itself.</p>
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<pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2014 17:08:59 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>christian</dc:creator>
<guid isPermaLink="false">1339 at https://www.aalep.eu</guid>
<comments>https://www.aalep.eu/russia-takes-action#comments</comments>
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