Advertise with Googlier.com Picture This https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis Library of Congress Prints & Photos Thu, 22 Oct 2026 19:43:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.3 From Left to Right Field: Baseball in Panorama https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/from-left-to-right-field-baseball-in-panorama/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/from-left-to-right-field-baseball-in-panorama/#comments Thu, 22 Oct 2026 19:43:03 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=32117 With baseball postseason in full swing, we’re highlighting a selection of some of our most spectacular baseball photographs: early twentieth-century panoramas. Breaking out of the constraints of the standard photographic frame, these images show the full sweep of the game. Our eye can travel from the deepest corners of the outfield all the way to home plate, from the press box to the bleachers to the rooftop perches of fans outside the stadium. We can understand how the ballpark is situated in the larger environment, like in the image below of New York’s Polo Fields.

Panoramic photograph of a baseball stadium taken from far outside of rightfield.
Deciding game bet. National & American Leagues B.B. Photo by Pictorial News Co., 1905 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a28819

While the earliest panoramic photographs were made from mounting together separate prints, by the late nineteenth century, specialized cameras were produced specifically for shooting in the format. The resulting prints range in size, with most measuring at least twenty-eight inches long. At various points in the Library’s past, the standard practice was to cut panoramas into two or more sections, which would be mounted on linen, allowing for the photographs to be folded and stored more easily. This is no longer our practice, but you can still see the remnants of this approach in images like the one below.

Panoramic photograph of a baseball stadium taken from high above left field.
World’s Series, Braves 5 – Athletics 4, 12 Innings, Fenway Park, American League Grounds, Oct. 12, 1914, Photo by John F. Riley. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29764

Panoramas were not just reserved for professional ball. The photograph below shows a game between two amateur teams, the Cleveland White Autos and the Omaha Luxus, which was said to have drawn a crowd of over 100,000. The viewpoint is an unusual one, focusing more on the spectacle than the game itself.

Panoramic photograph of a baseball game with a large crowd and a bandstand in the foreground.
Final inter-city championship game, White Autos vs. Omaha “Luxus” team, Brookside Stadium, Oct. 10, 1915, score, 11 to 6 in favor of White Autos, attendance over 100,000. Photo by Miller Studio. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29465

In the foreground, we can see a bandstand with many of the musicians turned to face the photographer.

Detail from the above panorama showing a bandstand beyond the outfield of a ballpark. The band members hold instruments and are turned to look at the photographer and away from the field.
Detail from Final inter-city championship game, White Autos vs. Omaha “Luxus” team, Brookside Stadium, Oct. 10, 1915, score, 11 to 6 in favor of White Autos, attendance over 100,000. Photograph by Miller Studio. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29465

Collegiate games were also documented in panorama, like this photograph from West Point.

Panoramic photograph of college baseball game with mountains in the background.
West Point Centennial. Photograph copyrighted by B.J. Falk, 1902. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29176

The Library’s baseball panoramas include images taken in major metropolitan areas, such as this nearly five-foot-long photograph of a 1905 game at Pittsburgh’s Exposition Park:

Panorama of a large baseball stadium.
Pittsburg vs. New York, Saturday, Aug. 5, 1905. Photo copyrighted by R. W. Johnston. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29695

They also document games in small cities and towns. The photograph below shows a small baseball field within an amusement park in Silver Lake, Ohio. Beyond left field, a roller coaster rumbles up an incline.

Panoramic photograph of a baseball field with a roller coaster behind the third baseline and horses and buggies, as well as a railroad line behind the first baseline.
Base ball park, Silver Lake, Ohio. Photo by R.W. Johnston, 1905. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29686

The alternating horses and automobiles lined up just off the next baseball diamond speak to the moment of technological and cultural transition in which these photographs were taken.

Panorama of a baseball game in a small stadium. Along the first baseline there is a row of cars and horses. Behind the third baseline is a group of houses.
Opening game, Wausau vs. Aurora, score, Wausau 4 – Aurora 0, May 13, 1912. Photo copyrighted by L.F. Downie. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29481

Another common use of panoramic photography in the early twentieth century was the large group portrait. This extended to the baseball field in the form of team portraits. Below, both teams playing in the first world series held by the Negro Leagues line up with league and team management at the center.

Panoramic group portrait of a baseball team in a crowded stadium. All members of the team are Black.
First colored world series, opening game Oct. 11, 1924, Kansas City, Mo. Photo by J.E. Mille[r], K.C. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.18576
Can you spot my favorite element of this Cleveland team portrait?

Panoramic group photograph of a baseball team posed in a sraight line. There is a dog posed in the center of the frame.
Cleveland baseball team. Photo copyrighted by Heiser Co., 1916. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29640

Larry the dog!

Detail of the above panorama showing a white dog standing on his hind legs.
Detail from Cleveland baseball team. Photo copyrighted by Heiser Co., 1916. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29640

The panorama below caught my eye first because of the unusual viewpoint and the prominent rubber roof cement advertisement.

Panoramic photograph of a crowded baseball stadium. On the field, in the distance, is a team lined up in front of a photographer shooting a portrait.
Eastern League opening game, Rochester – Newark, April 21, 1910. Photo copyrighted by Irving Underhill. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a36463

But, panning over the field, I was delighted to spot a photographer captured while shooting a team portrait.

Detail of the above panorama showing a photographer shooting a team portrait on a baseball field.
Detail from Eastern League opening game, Rochester – Newark, April 21, 1910. Photo copyrighted by Irving Underhill. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a36463

Panoramas were also utilized in souvenir prints like the one below, which combines team portraits with a ballpark view. The photograph included here was taken by George Lawrence, a major figure in the world of panoramic photography. Utilizing the slogan “The Hitherto Impossible in Photography is Our Specialty,” the Chicago-based photographer was known for obtaining viewpoints unachievable by others through the use of tall ladders, balloons, and kites.

Panoramic print made up of a panoramic photograph of a baseball stadium, a series of player and management portraits, and baseball themed decorative elements.
A yard of the national game, Chicago baseball club, World’s Champions and record breakers, winners National League pennant 1906 and 1907, World’s pennant 1907. Panoramic photo by Geo. R. Lawrence Co. Print published by E.T. Johnson & Co. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.05900

The Library has scanned many of these Lawrence panoramas at extremely high resolution and downloading the largest files allows viewers to spot remarkable details. Zoom in on this next image and you’ll find spectators perched on electric poles, leaning out of the windows of neighboring buildings, and balancing atop the billboard-lined wall. Note, too, the line of fans standing in for the outfield wall. One has to wonder about the risks of collision or fan interference!

A panoramic photograph of a crowded baseball stadium taken from beyond the outfield. The outfield border is formed by a line of spectators rather than a wall.
American League Park, Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass., Boston vs. New York, Oct. 8, 1904, attendance 28,040. Photo by Geo. R. Lawrence, Co. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a34445

This next Lawrence panorama was taken from the outermost reaches of the stadium during the 1906 World Series, featuring a crosstown match between the Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs.

Panoramic photograph of a crowded baseball stadium taken from beyond the outfield looking toward home plate.
Last game, World Championship Series, White Sox vs. Cubs, American League Grounds, Sunday, Oct. 14, 1906. Photo by Geo. R. Lawrence Co. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a34423

Before packing up his camera, Lawrence shot one more frame of the crowd surging onto the baseball diamond following the White Sox win on their home field.

Panoramic photograph of the same scene as the picture above it, but after the game. The crowd has begun to disperse from their seats, leaving debris. Much of the crowd is now on the field itself.
Break up after game, World’s Championship Series, White Sox vs. Cubs, American League grounds, Sunday, Oct. 14, 1906. Photo by Geo. R. Lawrence Co. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a29705

While the high resolution scans of many of these photographs provide wonderful opportunities for close looking, the computer is hardly the ideal place to view a panoramic photograph. Come see us in the Prints & Photographs Reading Room to view the impressive scale of these images!

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/from-left-to-right-field-baseball-in-panorama/feed/ 1
Paddle Up! Ping-Pong in Pictures https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/paddle-up-ping-pong-in-pictures/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/paddle-up-ping-pong-in-pictures/#respond Fri, 16 Oct 2026 16:11:07 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=32061 Ping-pong, or table tennis, as it is also known, has been around for well over one hundred years. What started as a Victorian parlour game moved into our garages, rec rooms, arcades, and even into the Olympics and other international competitions. First played in the 1880s in England as an after dinner entertainment, created by temporarily converting a dining table into a game that mimicked tennis on a smaller scale, it soon made its way across the pond to the United States. One of our early trademarks shows that Hamley Brothers trademarked the name Ping-Pong for this game in the U.S. on August 6, 1901, as seen below.

Trademark registration by Hamley Brothers for Ping-Pong brand Game. 1901 Aug. 6. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/trmk.1t36854

The name of the game came from the sound the celluloid balls adopted for play in 1900 or 1901 made as they hit the rackets and table. Prior to that, players had used whatever was at hand, from champagne corks to rubber balls.

Ping-pong was popular, as evidenced by this 1902 double page spread in Puck, a humor magazine. Each vignette describes how every member of the household is obsessed with this new game, from the baby to the grandparents, to the exclusion of all else!

Crazy! Illustration by S.D. Erhart, published in Puck, v. 51, no. 1317 (1902 May 28). http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.25639

Each scene is accompanied by a humorous verse. In the center of the page, we have the clearly upset cook greeting the confused family of the house, as seen below. The verse reads:

The cook has departed
In dudgeon and scorn,
Because interfered with
At eight in the morn,
To give up the table
She’d had the night long,
And use it for breakfast
Instead of Ping-pong!

Detail of Crazy! Illustration by S.D. Erhart, published in Puck, v. 51, no. 1317 (1902 May 28). http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.25639

The popularity of ping-pong continued, seeing its competitive peak in the U.S. in the 1930s to 1950s. Our collections include a variety of people playing during this time, as seen in some examples below:

Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Sergeant Williams playing ping-pong in the service club. Photo by Arthur Rothstein, 1942 Mar. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d02911
Washington, D.C. The Egyptian Legation on Massachusetts Avenue. Minister Hassan playing ping-pong with his son. Photo by Marjory Collins,1942 Apr. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d22889
A game of ping-pong in the recreation hall at the community center. Ida B. Wells Housing Project, Chicago, Illinois. Photo by Jack Delano, 1942 Mar. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d02560
Washington, D.C. Playing table tennis at the Chevy Chase Bowling Alley on Connecticut Avenue. Photo by John Ferrell, 1942 Apr. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b37450
Rupert, Idaho. Former CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) camp now under FSA (Farm Security Administration) management. The Japanese-American farm workers playing ping- pong. Photo by Russell Lee, 1942 July. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8c25460

This clever advertisement from 1936 shows just how integrated ping-pong was in leisure and sport of the time. A series of ads for Le Gant’s Youthlastic undergarments featured a woman changing positions as she undertook various daily activities, showing just how easy it was to move in their flexible shapewear. The ad below shows how mobile a woman could be while wearing Le Gant garments during a competitive ping-pong match:

Le Gant of Youthlastic–Girl playing ping-pong. Photo copyrighted 1936 by Warner Brothers Company. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c16213

Grossinger’s, a famous resort in the Catskills, kept the nostalgia of ping-pong alive, as captured in this 1977 photo by John Margolies:

Grossinger’s ping pong, Liberty, New York. Photo by John Margolies, 1977. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/mrg.10769

Ping-pong is played by millions of people around the world to this day, many at a competitive level and others purely for the recreation and fun of it!

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/paddle-up-ping-pong-in-pictures/feed/ 0
A Fire Lookout in the White Mountains https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/a-fire-lookout-in-the-white-mountains/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/a-fire-lookout-in-the-white-mountains/#comments Thu, 08 Oct 2026 18:04:16 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=32013 In June 1943, Office of War Information photographer John Collier, Jr. profiled Barbara Mortensen, a fire lookout working in the White Mountain National Forest. After the United States entered World War II, the U.S. Forest Service, like many other government agencies, was faced with an exodus of male employees who had been released for active military duty. To fill some of the vacancies, the Forest Service put out an announcement encouraging women to apply for open jobs in the White Mountain National Forest. Mortensen answered the call.

Documentation from the Farm Security Administration written records notes that the new fire lookout trainees were drilled in “fire prevention techniques, map reading, radio communication, fire weather, fire suppression, compass reading, pacing, and fire detection.” The caption for this image indicates Mortensen is in the process of identifying the source of suspicious smoke using a fire finder:

Photo shows view of woman looking through device on tabletop with view of mountains through window behind her.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, sighting suspicious smoke through a fire finder so as to locate accurately its source by cross bearings on the topographical chart. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39016

This photo shows the stunning view from the tower, including the area around Gorham, New Hampshire, and surrounding mountains:

Photo shows view of coniferous forest in valley and mountains in foreground and background.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. The view looking northeast from the fire tower manned by Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39037

The image below shows the sixty-foot tower that served as Mortensen’s duty station, with her and her Great Dane, Brenda, just visible at the base:

Photo shows wooden tower surrounded by coniferous trees, a woman and a dog, and a flagpole with an American flag.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, leaving to get water from a spring half a mile down the mountain. Beside her is her dog, Brenda, a constant companion on her lonely job. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39040

The caption for the photograph below of Mortensen petting Brenda indicates that her dog’s companionship made her work possible. Written records explain that Brenda had a more difficult adjustment to her new home than Mortensen did, and was scared of the high winds that swayed the tower and the steps that led up to it. Thankfully, it sounds like the dog adjusted to her new environment: “now both dog and mistress have made the tower their home, and while Barbara scans the horizon for tell-tale smoke, Brenda cocks her ears and looks solemnly off into the miles of mountains and space.”

Photo shows woman sitting on floor next to Great Dane dog.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, and her Great Dane, Brenda. She says that without her dog she could not hold down her job. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39080

Having a routine no doubt helped provide structure to Mortensen’s days and weeks on the mountaintop. In this photo we see her in the process of hoisting an American flag:

Photo shows woman preparing to run an American flag up a flagpole.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, running up the colors. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d31253

Physical activity was a necessary aspect of Mortensen’s work as a fire lookout. She had to travel downhill for a half mile to retrieve drinking water from a spring and then back uphill with 30 pounds’ worth of weight on her back.

Photo shows view of woman walking her dog up a mountain trail.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, bound down the mountain a half mile to the spring where she gets her drinking water, and if there is no rain, her wash water too. On her back is strapped a metal water pack, which holds three gallons and weighs thirty pounds when full. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39040

An icebox built into the floor of the tower provided a convenient place to store goods that required refrigeration, such as milk, cheese, and bacon. Here, Mortensen is retrieving some items for lunchtime.

Photo shows a woman sitting on ground and reaching into underground compartment containing refrigerated goods.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain, getting her lunch from the air-cooled icebox under the floor of the tower, fifty feet above the ground. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39019

Despite the fire lookout tower’s remote location, many visitors evidently made their way up to visit, providing Mortensen with an opportunity to explain the importance of fire prevention and conservation, and to demonstrate some of her skills.

Photo shows three people standing in small room with windows showing view of mountains in the background.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Many visitors climb up from Gorham to visit the fire lookout tower on Pine Mountain. Barbara Mortensen, as fire guard for the national forests, uses these occasions to educate the public in fire prevention and conservation. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39061

Though they provided an opportunity to correspond with her husband, Robert, nights were lonely according to the caption for the photograph below. Here we see Mortensen writing a letter to Robert, who was serving in the Navy as a Machinist’s Mate. His portrait is visible on the desk in front of her.

Photo shows woman sitting at desk writing. a Photograph of a man, a bottle of ink, an ash tray, a lamp, and books are visible on the table. Dark view out windows indicates the photo was taken at night.
Gorham (vicinity), New Hampshire. Evenings are long and lonely for Barbara Mortensen, a fire and airplane lookout on Pine Mountain. She reads or writes letters to her husband who is in the U.S. Navy. Photo by John Collier, Jr., June 1943. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39017

Individual photo stories like this one about Barbara Mortensen demonstrate how the work of a skilled photographer can provide insight into the lives of people living in a particular time and place. Many more stories can be found by exploring the collections further.

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/a-fire-lookout-in-the-white-mountains/feed/ 1
Navigating the Grid https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/navigating-the-grid/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/navigating-the-grid/#comments Fri, 02 Oct 2026 15:18:13 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31949 Last week’s post presented photographs of orderly and abundant goods in the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information collection. In addition to telling particular stories about the circumstances in which they were made, the images were, frankly, just beautiful. This got me thinking about why these sorts of images are so visually appealing. For me, I think they provide some sense of comforting predictability when life feels unruly. But they’re also built upon a structure that underlies so much of our daily routines and creative lives: the grid.

A grid might provide guidance when learning a new skill, like writing:

Trademark registration card showing a grid used as a guideline for writing script. Various points on the grid are numbered.
Trademark registration by George E. St. John for [A Connect-The-Dots Grid Logo] brand Writing Tablets. October 17, 1899. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/trmk.1t33581
It also might assist an artist in translating an idea between scales, like this study for a portion of a Kenyon Cox mural in the Jefferson Building here at the Library of Congress.

Pencil study for a portion of a mural showing drapery on a figure. Her body is drawn in detail, but the head is just lightly sketched in. A grid is overlaid on the full page.
Drapery study for figure of Botany Library of Congress. Drawing by Kenyon Cox, circa 1896. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.23047

A grid might help a designer translate between media, as is the case with this Winold Reiss drawing for a cover of Scribner’s Magazine.

Pencil drawing of a medieval festival scene showing an ornately dressed man and woman in front of a backdrop of tents and barrels. A grid is overlaid on the page with numbers across the top and left edge.
Graphic designs for Scribner’s Magazine cover, Medieval Festival theme. Drawing of woman and man with medieval clothing and items, grid overlaying the image. Drawing by Winold Reiss, circa 1915. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.64087

Later, Reiss would use the grid as a decorative element in packaging design, as in the case of this candy tin:

Color drawing of a candy box decorated with geometric designs.
Graphic design drawings for Barricini Candy packages. 3-D Study for circular box with grid and dotted wavy border in blue, red and green. Drawing by Winold Reiss, 1948. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.64462

Grids appear in daily life in many predictable and unpredictable ways.

A black and white photograph of a girl on a fairy deck. She is wearing a checkered coat and stands in front of a gate and a fence, each with different gridded patterns.
Young girl near gate on ferry. Photograph by Angel Rizzuto, May or June 1952. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.71279

The form provides structure to the small moments in life, like a game of checkers between friends.

Two men sit in the grass in front of a tent playing checkers. A third man kneels over them, watching.
American Red Cross Man refereeing a game of checkers played by two patients in the American Military Hospital No. 5, at Auteuil, put up by the American Red Cross on the site of what was before the war a celebrated race-course. Photograph by Lewis Hine, June 16, 1918. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/anrc.16533

Or even a BIG game of checkers between friends.

Two men photographed from above playing a large game of checkers on the floor. Alternating squares are made of fabric. They use long hooks to move the pieces.
C. Mathewson and Ben Scully in lawn checkers. Photo by Bain News Service. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.08971

It also provides structure to the larger elements of our environment, like city streets:

Aerial view of a small city showing streets laid out in a grid.
Spring City Area Study, Spring City, Sanpete County, UT. Aerial view from east. Photo by P. Kent Fairbanks, 1968. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.ut0066/photos.158188p

The grid, we see through these images, is not a structure of conformity, but a lattice upon which we can create, build, and play.

A black and white photograph of ten women standing in a row. All but one wear a dress with a large crossword puzzle pattern.
Mrs. H.A. Colman, Pres. & pages of League of American Penwomen. Photo by National Photo Company, April 25, 1925. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.26957

Learn more:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/10/navigating-the-grid/feed/ 1
Repetition and Patternmaking in the Photos of the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Collection https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/repetition-and-patternmaking-in-the-photos-of-the-farm-security-administration-office-of-war-information-collection/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/repetition-and-patternmaking-in-the-photos-of-the-farm-security-administration-office-of-war-information-collection/#comments Fri, 25 Sep 2026 16:26:31 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31855 The Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information (FSA/OWI) photo collection contains about 175,000 black-and-white photos. Sometimes, when I’m searching the collection or just browsing through the file of photos in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, I’m struck by the patterns made through repetition in certain images. Stacks or rows or piles of materials in a warehouse, a factory, or a market, for example, create photos that demand further inspection. The repetition of the same objects create compositions that not only please the eye, but tell stories of scale, abundance, and production.

I think the photos below are effective in a number of ways, and perhaps it’s possible to speculate on the goal or intention. Were the photos of abundant food ready to be distributed a sign of a recovering economy and agricultural industry? Or were they simply scenes that were irresistible to a photographer with a good eye? Or both, because honestly, how could you not take this photo?

Huge stack of white sacks of sugar inside a warehouse. A man leans over in front of the photo.
Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Bags of refined sugar in the warehouse of the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company. Photo by Jack Delano, 1942 Jan. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8c08664

The soaring, seemingly impossibly high stacks of bags coupled with the man at the base providing a sense of scale create a dramatic photograph. While we can see the top of the stack, we can’t see the floor, so we can’t even fully understand the context this man is working in. The looming stacks give us an idea of the size of this operation, and of how much sugar has been processed and stored, ready for distribution.

In the photograph below, the geometry and repetition are the first things I notice. How far to the left and right and back do these baskets go? The caption reveals they are full of butter; what a delicious display!

Rows and stacks of wooden baskets in a storage room. They are full of butter.
Cold storage warehouse. Jersey City, New Jersey. Butter stored in “freezer room.” Photo by Arthur Rothstein, 1939 Apr. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b17611

Grain elevators by their nature are repeating, regular shapes, with their soaring concrete shafts full of grain. This photo of a seemingly endless grain elevator beautifully frames the word flour and includes a man at the base to emphasize the staggering scale.

Cropped view of a grain elevator, tall concrete storage structure. A man is at the base of one of the shafts.
Amarillo, Texas. Grain elevator along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad tracks. Photo by Jack Delano, 1943 Mar. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d15327

Photos of perfectly aligned rows or stacks of items in an industrial setting send several messages: this work is being done with great precision and the workers are industrious, providing large quantities of items for production and in the case of the Office of War Information photos, for war. The way these identical machine-made objects are lined up and then repeated is pure satisfaction for the viewer. In some cases, the objects become almost abstract, just shapes, shadows and lines that create pattern.

Dozens of rows of shiny metal cans fill the image.
Stacks of canned salmon. Columbia River Packing Association, Astoria, Oregon. Photo by Russell Lee, 1941 Sept. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8c22671
Multiple rows of completed tractors are parking in perfect alignment in front of a factory building.
Tractors at farm equipment warehouse. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Photo by Russell Lee, 1940 Feb. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b23811
Rows of stacks of round metal gear-like items, all stacked onto pipes.
Bofors forty-millimeter mounts. Gears for guns-for-victory. Hundreds of these precision cut gears roll off specially designed gear-cutters daily in the Bofors plant of a large rubber factory. When assembled, they’ll be part of the Bofors forty-millimeter anti-aircraft gun mounts and carriages, some of the war essentials now manufactured in a plant whose sole product used to be tires for the family sedan. Photo by Alfred T. Palmer, 1941 Dec. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b02399
Tightly packed engine parts for a jeep fill the image.
Production. Jeep engines. Manifolds for jeep engines ready to go down the assembly line of a Midwest plant. They’ll do their part in helping the tough little cars go places. Continental Motors, Michigan. Photo by Alfred T. Palmer, 1942 Feb. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b03608
Folded metal channels are stacked up and interlocking with each other.
Production. B-17F heavy bomber. Raw material for the building of B-17F (Flying Fortress) bombers is stored in a warehouse at the Boeing plant in Seattle. The Flying Fortress, a four-engine heavy bomber capable of flying at high altitudes, has performed with great credit in the South Pacific, over Germany and elsewhere. Photo by Andreas Feininger, 1942 Dec. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b07893

Mulitple rows of the transparent nose cones for bombers in a factory. Women are lined up alongside many of them, cleaning the clear material with a cloth.
Production. A-20 attack bombers. Women workers at the Long Beach, California plant of Douglas Aviation Company groom lines of transparent noses for deadly A-20 attack bombers. […] Photo by Alfred T. Palmer, 1942 Oct. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b04483
I’ll finish with a few more of my favorite images of this type. It’s nearly impossible to choose!

Rows of tightly packed American sedan cars fill the image.
Parking lot. Chicago, Illinois. Photo by John Vachon, 1941 July. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8a32773

Old tire casings are piled up, woven together like a basket.
Rubber reclamation. Scrap tires mobilized for Victory. Millions of discarded casings cover more than 100 acres at one Midwest recovery plant. […] The reclaimed material will be used to manufacture thousands of essential mechanical rubber products. Photo by Alfred T. Palmer, 1941 Dec. or 1942 Dec. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b02666
Have you found photos like this in the FSA/OWI Collection? Feel free to share in the comments!
Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/repetition-and-patternmaking-in-the-photos-of-the-farm-security-administration-office-of-war-information-collection/feed/ 5
School and Family Charts: Nurturing the Perceptive Faculties https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/school-and-family-charts-nurturing-the-perceptive-faculties/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/school-and-family-charts-nurturing-the-perceptive-faculties/#comments Fri, 18 Sep 2026 15:03:31 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31749 With the school year off to a solid start, I wanted to use today’s post to highlight some of my favorite items in our popular graphic arts collection: the “School and Family Charts.” Originally released in 1862, this set of twenty-two charts was created by Marcius Willson, a leading textbook author, and N.A. Calkins, the superintendent of New York’s primary schools, and published by Harper & Brothers, known for the popular magazine Harper’s Weekly. The charts must have had lasting appeal, as they were reprinted many times. The Library’s set was copyrighted in 1890.

The charts are the visual components of a proposed plan for education over the first ten years of a child’s life. They were published in conjunction with a 336-page book written by Willson and entitled A Manual of Information and Suggestions for Object Lessons, in a Course of Elementary Instruction, Adapted to the Use of the School and Family Charts, and Other Aids in Teaching. The manual outlines the philosophy behind the system, as well as suggested uses for each chart for each level of a child’s schooling. This is a system based fundamentally on the sharpening of observation skills.

The first chart is meant to nurture early reading practices, building on the natural ways in which they have begun to learn about the world in early childhood.

Educational chart consisting of a grid of simple words with accompanying small colored images.
School and family charts: elementary; familiar objects represented by word and pictures (recto: No. I). Woodcut with stenciling by Willson Marcius and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.59326

Children, Willson writes, learn more rapidly from the ages of one to four than in any other period in life, learning to recognize the “names,…qualities, and uses of a thousand objects, and this it has done by keeping the senses of touch, taste, hearing, sight, and smell—the perceptive faculties—in almost constant and pleasurable activity.” Through stimulating the senses, we naturally learn about the world around us in a way that forms the foundational skills necessary for reading. “Let the teacher pursue the same order—ideas before words—and the child will soon learn to read as naturally as it talks.” Words are taught as representatives of things, in the same way that a picture is a representative of a thing.

Take, for example, the cap in the upper left-hand corner:

Detail of the above chart showing a picture of a cap and the word cap.
Detail from School and family charts: elementary; familiar objects represented by word and pictures (recto: no. I). Woodcut with stenciling by Willson Marcius and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.59326

We might be tempted to help a child start to understand the word through the letters of the alphabet: C-A-P. But letters are just signs and what do these signs mean to a child at first? “I can associate, in the mind of the child, no ideas with them.” But “the rule which Nature has given me is ideas before signs.” Presented with an actual cap—or a picture of a cap—the child understands what it is through their own experience with seeing and wearing hats, and can therefore more easily move to an understanding of C-A-P as cap: the thing that sits upon one’s head. This, Willson tells us, is a system of object teaching, as opposed to elementary teaching (breaking down concepts to the smallest possible elements).

While the first chart presents words for sixty items (words that happen to contain all the letters of the alphabet), the second introduces short phrases.

Educational chart consisting of a grid of simple words with accompanying small colored images.
School and family charts: elementary; familiar objects represented by word and pictures (verso: No. II). Woodcut with stenciling by Willson Marcius and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.59326

Chart III has words and no pictures. Number IV has small pictures of simple scenes accompanied by short sentences. Numbers V and VI present more complex images, sentences, and questions.

Educational chart made up of short paragraphs of text and accompanying images.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. VI. Reading: fifth lessons. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.44357

The series continues with charts introducing concepts surrounding pronunciation, spelling, and writing. This is followed by a series of charts teaching the fundamentals of drawing.

Educational chart with small pictures of objects and geometric diagrams.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. X. Drawing: Elementary, geometrical, and perspective. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.44359

Here again, Willson discourages beginning with the most basic elements (“Some teachers begin their lessons in drawing with the formation of straight lines, vertical, horizontal, oblique, and angular, and these they follow with exercises in forming curved lines”) in favor of observation of common objects. Again, he returns to the cap. The child should first attempt to sketch the outline of the cap while looking at the picture on the chart to get a feel for putting pencil to paper in the service of creating an image.

Detail of the above chart showing simple drawings of a cap, a pear, a jug, a face in profile, and a fish.
Detail from School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. X. Drawing: Elementary, geometrical, and perspective. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.44359

But they should very quickly be presented with an actual cap from which to draw. Lines and angles can come later once the child has a better understanding of their purpose:

Educational chart with geometric diagrams.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. XI. Lines and measures. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.44364

The above chart can be used to teach both the principles of geometry and the fundamentals of geography—directions, distances, and absolute and relative locality (coordinates). Willson recommends that all of these lessons should conclude with students spending several days drawing an accurate representation of the classroom, an exercise he claims sharpens the understanding of drawing, geometry, and physical geography, in addition to introducing the idea of political geography. After all, the classroom is a “a microcosm, or a world in miniature” governed by a particular set of principles.

Once the class has understood the ideas behind shape, line, and volume, they might next turn to color:

Educational chart showing samples of many colors in rows of square and triangles.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. XIII. Familiar colors. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins, copyright 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.44362

Followed by biology, beginning with zoology:

Educational chart showing a grid of different species of reptiles and fish.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. XVIII. Zoological: class III. Reptiles, class IV fishes. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins, 1890.

And then botany:

Educational chart with images of leaves, stems, and roots.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. XIX. Botanical; forms of leaves, stems, roots, and flowers; botany; the classification of plants. Woodcut with stenciling by Willson Marcius and N.A. Calkins, 1890. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.64971
Educational chart with botanical illustrations.
School and family charts, accompanied by a manual of object lessons and elementary instruction. No. XXII. Botanical: economical uses of plants-continued. Hand-colored wood engraving with letterpress by Marcius Willson and N.A. Calkins, 1890.

For each chart, the manual suggests exercises suited for every level of schooling. For example, with the botanical charts, the youngest children might describe the characteristics of plants that are familiar to them, bringing in specimens for further examination. The oldest can develop a deeper understanding of the practical uses of these plants. Similarly, each chart can be used for multiple subjects. The botanical charts come with suggested lessons in spelling, drawing, and composition, as well as botany.

The charts were offered for sale either individually or as a set, with the option of mounting to a sturdy board. Several of ours are mounted and include a string for hanging (the two botanical charts I’ve included above are examples of each option).

In 1904, Willson patented a device meant to provide another option for display: an Educational Chart Exhibitor.

The first page of a patent for a chart exhibiting mechanism, which includes a diagram of the mechanism.
Page 1 of the patent for an Educational Chart Exhibitor. Patent number 778,092. Patented by Marcius Willson, December 20, 1904. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Willson published a pamphlet about the invention entitled An Educational Chart Exhibitor and a Brief Sketch of Some of its Numerous Applications. He envisioned a cabinet with a system of rollers inside that would allow a teacher to rotate through large charts and maps while keeping them “unsoiled, and new in appearance” (If you look closely at each of our charts, you’ll see a note across the top instructing that “the colored charts in this series should be left exposed to the light as little as possible.”). Willson even proposed that storybooks for young children could be enlarged and printed in scroll form, so that a classroom of nursery school students could easily see the story, cultivating “the observing powers of the little children, before they have learned to read.” It is unclear whether or not the Chart Exhibitor was ever produced.

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/school-and-family-charts-nurturing-the-perceptive-faculties/feed/ 2
Witness & Response: Remembering 9/11 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/witness-response-remembering-9-11/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/witness-response-remembering-9-11/#respond Thu, 10 Sep 2026 19:19:54 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31727 Content warning: The post includes photographs from the September 11 terrorist attacks and their aftermath, which may be distressing to some readers.  

The following is a guest post by Helena Zinkham, Chief, Prints & Photographs Division.

Uncertainty. Shock. Fear. Sorrow. All those emotions ran through me on the morning of September 11th, 2001. The first sign of trouble was seeing smoke rise from a fire at the Pentagon. Any fire had to be intense for the smoke to be visible from the cafeteria on the top floor of the Library of Congress Madison Building, where I work.

Photo shows aerial view of large building in apparent aftermath of fire, with emergency vehicles in foreground.
Aerial view of the Pentagon (Arlington, Va.) showing damaged area where hijacked American Airlines flight 77 crashed during the September 11th terrorist attack. Photo by United States Department of Defense, 2001. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.02093

I’m sorry to say that my initial thought, before I knew the cause of the fire, was how hard it would be to get home that night. I had been at the Pentagon not an hour before to change from a bus to the subway with thousands of other commuters. We soon learned that airplanes had struck the World Trade Center twin towers in New York City and another plane had crashed into the Pentagon. An additional airplane was rumored to be heading for Washington D.C.—either to the White House or the Capitol, which is across the street from the Library of Congress.

My experience as a distant witness to a terrorist attack was, of course, nothing compared to what happened to the direct victims and rescue workers. Our picture collections show the story unfolding in its full horror, conveying the immediate impact on New York City; Shanksville, Pennsylvania; Arlington, Virginia; and the nation. Hopeful moments include scenes where people helped each other, risked their lives, and created spontaneous shrines.

Photo shows New York City skyline with smoke billowing from Twin Towers in the background.
Skyline of Manhattan with smoke billowing from the Twin Towers following September 11th terrorist attack on World Trade Center, New York City. Anonymous photographer, September 11, 2001. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.02137
Photograph shows a man helping to guide a woman in aftermath of disaster. Both are covered in dust.
Man covered with ashes assisting a woman walking and holding a particle mask to her face, following the September 11th terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, New York City. Photo by Don Halasy, September 11, 2001. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.01813
Photo shows destroyed buildings in background billowing with smoke. A firefighter wearing a mask is visible in the foreground.
Fire fighters amid smoking rubble following September 11th terrorist attack on World Trade Center, New York City. Anonymous photographer, September 11, 2001. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.02146
Photograph shows shrine scene, consisting of candles in different colors and a stuffed white bear holding a heart. A photograph of the New York City skyline, featuring the standing Twin Towers, is visible in the back center of the photograph.
Memorial for the victims of the September 11th terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, New York City; with candles, flowers, mementos, and photo of the twin towers. Photo by David Finn, 2001. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.01936
Photo shows shrine to victims of disaster, set up along chain link fence. Many American flags, hats, and patches, are among the items visible.
Memorial gate, where people from all over the world have left momentos to honor the victims of the September 11, 2001 terrorist hijacking of Flight 93. Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith, between 2001 and 2006. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/highsm.13359

Twenty-five years later, I am grateful for the Library’s early efforts to document the attacks. Within hours, staff in the Library of Congress mobilized to record and gather for posterity first-hand accounts, images, and written reports of 9/11. These resources continue to be valuable witnesses for personal remembrance, community commemoration, or an introduction to a horrific event in American history.

Learn more:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/witness-response-remembering-9-11/feed/ 0
Quilting: Making Art and Community https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/quilting-making-art-and-community/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/quilting-making-art-and-community/#respond Thu, 03 Sep 2026 13:52:48 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31677 When I was in the third or fourth grade, I participated in a well-attended quilting class hosted by my aunt. I remember stacks of fabric in a variety of patterns and colors, many spools of thread, and the feeling of satisfaction that often comes with creative expression. It was clear that quilting was an activity naturally suited to a crowd – in this case mostly aunties and cousins. Like many of the people in quilt-related images from the Prints & Photographs Division collections, we were sewing by hand and working together toward a common goal. Images from our collections show different ways this seemingly humble craft can touch lives.

Producing a quilt can be an act of service. The children in the photograph below from the American National Red Cross Photograph Collection are piecing together a quilt, likely for wounded soldiers during World War I. It must have been cheering to receive a handmade gift that was not only useful but also beautiful.

Photo shows children working on sewing a quilt.
Quilting a quilt for Cantonment hospital, S.W. Div., St. Louis, Mo. Cote Brilliants School. Photo from American National Red Cross collection, August 1918. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/anrc.08891

Quilts can also represent efficiency and resourcefulness. The caption for this photograph taken in Greene County, Georgia, indicates surplus cotton was a key component:

Photo shows a man and woman sitting around quilt frame, sewing.
Making a quilt from surplus commodity cotton in Greensboro, Greene County, Georgia. Photo by Jack Delano, October 1941. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8a37155

In the image below, taken in Alabama in 1939, we can see several quilts hanging on a clothesline on a cleaning day. The photograph may be in black and white but it’s easy to imagine how colorful the display must have been, and how much these quilts must have enlivened the family’s living space.

Photo shows a view of the porch of a wooden house with several quilts hanging on a clothesline and a little girl standing next to one of the blankets.
Typical farmhouse, spring housecleaning, homemade quilts and bedding in sun. Coffee County, Alabama. Photo by Marion Post Wolcott, April 1939. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8c35737

Quilting can be an opportunity for intergenerational bonding, as I experienced as a child and as we see in this photograph of a grandmother and grandson in Kern County, California:

Photo shows interior room with exposed wood walls and ceiling, and an older woman and younger sitting behind a quilting frame and sewing.
Grandmother from Oklahoma with grandson, working on quilt. California, Kern County. Photo by Dorothea Lange, February 1936. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b27059

At times quilting can also be a solitary activity providing a moment for reflection. The technical and artistic skills of the woman in the photograph below are on full display. The caption for the image alludes to difficulties in this woman’s circumstances, as she and others in her rural Georgia community were being displaced by a planned project to build an Army training center during World War II. I wonder what might have been going through her mind as she worked on the quilt.

Photo shows woman sitting at quilting frame and sewing.
Untitled photo, related to: A woman who has not yet found a place to move out of the Hinesville Army camp area working on a quilt in her smokehouse. Near Hinesville, Georgia. Photo by Jack Delano, April 1941. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8c05210

It is hard to imagine a more moving example of the community-minded aspect of quilt-making than the AIDS Memorial Quilt. Often cited as the largest ever community folk art project, the quilt is comprised of thousands of panels honoring the lives of more than 100,000 people lost to AIDS. The photograph below by Carol M. Highsmith shows parts of the AIDS Memorial Quilt laid out on the National Mall in 1996, with the U.S. Capitol in the background. The American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress is home to thousands of records related to the quilt, including letters and other mementos, which are viewable online and searchable by name.

Photo shows the U.S. Capitol in the background, with colorful quilts on the ground in the foreground.
AIDS quilt on display in Washington, D.C., with the U.S. Capitol in the background. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith, 1996. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/highsm.13502

This traditional art form serves many purposes, in different moments providing warmth, cheer, an outlet for grief, a celebration of life, and in all cases an opportunity to participate in a centuries-old practice.

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/09/quilting-making-art-and-community/feed/ 0
Building a Better Birdhouse https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/building-a-better-birdhouse/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/building-a-better-birdhouse/#comments Thu, 27 Aug 2026 12:47:30 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31557 It is tempting to start every blog post with “recently, an unusual picture caught my eye.” That’s how I began my most recent blog post and it feels like the most appropriate way to start this one as well. One of the great perks of working in the Prints & Photographs Division is that looking at lots and lots of images is a fundamental part of our jobs. I keep a running document of images that I’ve spotted over the course of my days that merit future further investigation. Often, these spark blog posts.

So, an unusual picture caught my eye some time ago:

A photograph of a photograph pinned to a wooden board. The image shows a group of schoolboys posing with their teachers, each holding a birdhouse.
Red Cross bird box contest from the Washington School. This school is in Alexandria, Va. and is the oldest free school in the United States and was founded by Gen. Washington. The teachers of the Junior Audobon Clubs assisted Miss Stuart in this work, Miss Douglas, Miss Corkle, Miss Beattie, Miss Stuart and Miss Douglas are in the picture, the latter in white. Photo received by the Red Cross February 19, 1919. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/anrc.03126

The photograph is a photograph of a photograph. We see this often in some of our archives related to institutions that had their own publishing and advocacy wings. If they possessed only a print of an image and not the negative, they sometimes photographed it for reuse in publications, as seen in these linked examples from the American National Red Cross and the National Child Labor Committee collections.

The image being photographed here by the Red Cross shows a group of about 45 schoolboys with their two teachers. Each boy poses with a birdhouse. There are many that resemble the classic child’s drawing of a house: square base, triangular roof. There’s an A-frame, a massive two-story structure with six arched entryways, and a log cabin. Many are adorned with the Red Cross logo, the immediately recognizable square cross. Some look carefully measured and sturdily constructed, while others slant and wobble.

Immediately after spotting this photograph, I started seeing birdhouse contest photographs everywhere in our early 20th century photojournalism collections. Here, for example, are Jack and Peggie Baker proudly showing off their bark-covered creations. Zooming in on their ribbons after downloading our highest-resolution scan, you can just barely make out that these are their entries into the American Forestry Association’s birdhouse contest.

Two young siblings proudly hold their homemade birdhouses. They both have huge smiles.
Jack & Peggie Baker. Photo by the National Photo Company, January 20, 1921. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.03424

A look through newspaper and magazine archives reveals that birdhouse contests were (and occasionally still are!) sponsored by schools, social clubs, scouting organizations, and advocacy groups like the Audubon Society and the American Forestry Association. The contests were framed as opportunities for schoolchildren to learn about nature, design, and craftsmanship.

A group of children in an exhibition related to birds' nests and birdhouses.
American Forestry Assn. Bird House contest. Photo by the National Photo Company, 1/19/21 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.29781

One contest in Trenton, NJ, which was sponsored by the American Forestry Association, was written about in the February 1919 issue of their magazine, American Forestry. Trenton’s City Forester, M.M. Burris, wrote about the city’s decision to host the contest: “Believing in preventive medicine, and knowing that our native insectiverous [sic] birds are a strong factor in suppression of insects attacking our trees I urged a campaign for the starting of the bird-house building contest.”

The article laid out the contest’s rules: 1. The house was to be suitable for a specific set of birds native to the area: the bluebird, robin, chickadee, white-breasted nuthatch, house wren, martin, song sparrow, phoebe, red-headed woodpecker, and sparrow hawk. 2. The contest was open to boys from the fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. 3. The houses were to be well constructed in a way that protected them from all types of weather. 4. The contest was to close on April 1, 1918. 5. At the close of the contest, all the birdhouses were to be given to the city to Trenton to be installed in their public parks.

Below we see two boys installing a birdhouse in a Washington, D.C., tree following another American Forestry Association contest, suggesting that those rules applied here as well.

Two boys perch in a tree while hanging up a birdhouse.
Am. Forestry bird house story. Photo by National Photo Company, 1/20/21 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.03416

The above photograph was published in the January 30, 1921 edition of the Washington Evening Star with a caption explaining that the birdhouse the boys were installing had won a blue ribbon. On the same page, the newspaper published an alternate shot of the below scene. The newspaper’s caption identifies the man as Representative B.H. Snell of New York. Here, Congressman Snell awards a ribbon to a student outside of Wilson Normal School in Washington’s Columbia Heights neighborhood.

An older man pins an award onto the coat of a young girl holding a birdhouse, surrounded by other children holding birdhouses.
Small bird house story. National Photo Company, 1921. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.03417

A photographer from Harris & Ewing, another news photography agency whose archive is in our collection, was also at the event:

A group of students stand in front of a school holding birdhouses. An older man shakes one girl's hand.
Group of children with bird houses; building in background is the Wilson Normal School, Harvard Street and 11th St., Washington, D.C. Photo by Harris & Ewing, January 20, 1921. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.30645

The photographs in our collections repeatedly show the birdhouse contests to be favorite events of political figures. Here is another award ceremony hosted by Pennsylvania Senator George Wharton Pepper.

An awards ceremony at a birdhouse contest. A man holds a birdhouse on the bed of a truck. On the right side of the frame is a group of schoolboys. On the left is a group of men in suits.
Senator Pepper (bird house story). Photo by National Photo Company, April 15, 1924. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.25614

Another view of the ceremony reveals its location to be the east side of the U.S. Capitol building.

The above award ceremony viewed from a different angle with a United States Capitol building in the background.
Sen. Pepper (bird house story). Photo by National Photo Company, April 16, 1924. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.25613

Mr. Burris, the Trenton forester, observed that the boys who participated in the contest “flocked to the Public Library in search of information regarding birds and bird-houses.” Flocked! This preparation for the contest was successful in “instilling civic patriotism into the hearts of about a thousand anxious boys who were soon ready to start with their saws and hammers.” In their final designs, they used materials ranging from “soap boxes, tin cans, scrap lumber, buckets, funnels, flower pots, logs, bark and every other conceivable material which could be worked into a bird-house.” I’m hoping that you too will now be inspired to help the trees by helping the birds. What materials might you use?

Learn More: 

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/building-a-better-birdhouse/feed/ 1
Last Run of the Horses for the D.C. Fire Department https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/last-run-of-the-horses-for-the-d-c-fire-department/ https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/last-run-of-the-horses-for-the-d-c-fire-department/#comments Fri, 21 Aug 2026 15:31:17 +0000 https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/?p=31489 While browsing hundreds of images of horses for my recent Flickr album, Saddle Up!, I came across the photo below. I had so many questions, I had to stop and look more closely.

Last run of Barney, Gene, and Tom, Dist. Fire Dept. horses, 6/15/25. Photo by National Photo Company, 1925 June 15. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.27119

At first, it’s a bit hard to understand what’s happening. There’s a large crowd surrounding three horses hitched to what I think is an old fire engine of some kind. Usually, there is some urgency when the fire department is involved, so what’s the story here? I look a little closer and see a lot of men in uniform, either fire department or police department. I also see lots of children craning to see, several getting a boost from an adult, the wheel of a car, or even a stepladder at lower right. So this is an event of some kind? Maybe a parade?

The caption hints at the story: Last run of Barney, Gene, and Tom, Dist. Fire Dept. horses, 6/15/25. It is instantly delightful to learn these white or gray horses have names, and such charming ones at that. Further research identifies the machine they are pulling is a steam-powered water pump, also called a “steamer,” used to pump water for the firemen at the site of a fire. The “last run” part concerns me – but the date of 1925 is a hint. With motor vehicles available for decades by that time, it’s likely that the horses are being replaced by their mechanical counterparts.

I searched again and found this photo:

Last run of Barney, Gene, and Tom, Dist. Fire Dept. horses, 6/15/25. Photo by National Photo Company, 1925 June 15. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.27120

Now, this is more like it! It’s thrilling to see the horse team charging through the street, pulling the steamer and a crew of firemen, with crowds lining the street for a proper send-off. I found news articles about the day, and learned this was a ceremonial run for the last three remaining fire horses, Barney, Gene & Tom. This trio had similarly galloped through the streets of Washington, D.C., for a decade, helping to rescue buildings and people of the city from fire.

In 1925, the only remaining firehouse with an intact stable was Engine House no. 19, formerly Chemical Engine House no. 2, as seen in the photo below. Are these three horses the same ones – Barney, Gene & Tom? We don’t know, but it seems very possible!

Fire layout, Chemical Engine House No. 2. Photo by Harris & Ewing, circa 1922. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.31719

The morning of their last run, Barney, Gene & Tom were brought from Engine House No. 19 to their old stomping grounds on Capitol Hill, Engine No. 8, near Eastern Market, seen below on the right in a later photo. The stalls filled with vehicles here would see horses run out of them for one last time on this June day in 1925.

Engine Company No. 8, firehouse, 637 North Carolina Avenue, S.E., Washington, D.C. Photo, between 1948 and 1955. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c01546

It started like any other run, with a specific set of bells ringing to alert the horses they were needed. And off they went, with crowds lining the streets to see them charging down North Carolina Avenue, S.E. to Lincoln Park, with the U.S. Capitol rising behind them as they finished. I imagine the first photo I came across is from after their run, with grateful Washingtonians crowding around to touch history, perhaps to thank these horses for their years of dedicated service.

All three horses were retired to pastures in Blue Plains in Southwest D.C. to spend their retirement. Articles I read mention they would only come out of retirement for Labor Day parades, so I returned to our collections, hoping for one more glimpse of Barney, Gene and Tom. Here they are, unnamed, but unmistakable, in the Firemen’s Labor Day parade of 1929, pulling a steamer, albeit at a much slower pace!

Firemen’s Labor Day parade, 1929. Photo by National Photo Company, 1929. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/npcc.17615

In 2025, on the 100th anniversary of the last run of D.C.’s firehouse horses, the D.C. Fire and EMS Department recreated that run with a restored 1905 steamer (the same one?) and three horses, down the same stretch of North Carolina Avenue S.E. The video shared by the department online of this event also includes a silent clip of Barney, Gene & Tom on their last run back in 1925. You can almost hear the clatter of their hooves as they charge down the street.

Learn More:

]]>
https://blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2026/08/last-run-of-the-horses-for-the-d-c-fire-department/feed/ 4