EICR vs PAT Testing: What’s The Difference?

What Is The Difference Between EICR vs PAT Testing?

In general they both serve a similar purpose in that they’re tests done by qualified engineers to find any electrical faults, both either pass or fail based on their findings and both are about keeping people safe – but whereas EICR is about the building’s electrics, PAT is about the appliances you plug into them.

But as with most things, its not as simple as it first seems. Though they may seem similar, they check completely different areas and mixing them up (or assuming one covers the other) can leave a gap in your compliance.

What do they mean?

Side by Side Comparison

Are Both Needed?

In most commercial and industrial settings, yes. An EICR tells you the building’s wiring is safe to plug things into, while PAT testing tells you the things you’re plugging in are safe to use. One without the other only covers half the picture – you could have a perfectly sound electrical installation and still have a frayed kettle lead waiting to cause a problem, or vice versa.

For landlords specifically, an EICR is a legal must every 5 years. PAT testing becomes relevant on top of that if the property comes with appliances included, since those still need to be safe for tenants to use.

Getting Them Tested

Because they cover different parts of the same system, it often makes sense to have both handled by the same team – one visit, one point of contact, and records that line up rather than living in two different places. As electrical and mechanical contractors covering the North West of England, we carry out both PAT testing and EICRs for commercial, industrial and retail clients, alongside fixed wire testing, installation and ongoing maintenance work.

If you’re not sure whether you need one, the other, or both, it’s worth having a quick chat with a qualified engineer rather than guessing – it’s a small thing to get right and a costly thing to get wrong.

Need More Information?

If you need more information about either PAT Testing or EICR, then click one of the links below to be taken for a more in-depth look

Need a PAT Test or EICR?
Get in Touch!

What Is an EICR? A Complete Guide to Electrical Installation Condition Reports

What Is an EICR?

An EICR isn’t as complicated as it sounds. If you’ve ever seen an electrician opening electrical panels, testing sockets, switches, and circuits with specialist equipment, then you’ve probably seen an EICR in action. It’s something that many landlords, businesses and property owners need to arrange, but not everyone understands what it involves or why it’s so important. An EICR helps identify potential electrical hazards, ensures an installation is safe to use and highlights any issues that need attention before they become a risk.

What Does EICR Stand For?

EICR (also known as Fixed Wire Testing) stands for Electrical Installation Condition Report. It’s a document produced after a qualified electrician inspects and tests the fixed electrical installation in a property – the wiring, consumer unit (fuse box), sockets, switches, and light fittings that are permanently connected to the building.

Unlike PAT testing, which checks portable appliances like kettles and laptops, an EICR looks at the electrical infrastructure of the building itself.

Why Is an EICR Important?

Over time, electrical installations degrade – wiring insulation perishes, connections loosen and older consumer units may no longer meet current safety standards. An EICR identifies:

• Defects that could cause electric shocks
• Fire risks from damaged or overloaded wiring
• Non-compliance with current wiring regulations (BS 7671)
• Areas that need further investigation or urgent repair

Without regular inspection, these issues can go unnoticed until something fails – which is exactly the scenario an EICR is designed to prevent.

Who Needs an EICR?

This is where it gets a bit more straightforward, because it depends on what kind of property you’re dealing with.

How Often Do You Need an EICR?

There are some general guidelines which you must follow but you must take into account places with a higher-risk environment or an older installation may need more frequent checks.

What actually happens during the inspection?

An electrician will come to your site and work through it methodically, checking the following:

1. Visually inspect the consumer unit, wiring, sockets, and fittings
2. Test circuits for continuity, insulation resistance, and earth fault loop impedance
3. Check RCD (residual current device) protection is working correctly
4. Identify any damage, wear, or non-compliant installation work
5. Assign classification codes to anything found

Understanding EICR Classification Codes

Once the EICR has been completed and people receive the report, this is the area where people have the most questions. Every observation on an EICR is given a code:

• C1 – Danger present: Risk of injury. Requires immediate remedial action.
• C2 – Potentially dangerous: Urgent remedial action required.
• C3 – Improvement recommended: Not dangerous, but doesn’t meet current standards.
• FI – Further investigation: More work needed to determine if a fault exists.

An EICR with only C3 or no codes will be marked satisfactory. Any C1 or C2 codes result in an unsatisfactory report, which for landlords means remedial work must be carried out within 28 days (or sooner if C1).

Its worth being clear on one point here: the 28-day deadline for remedial work is a landlord-specific legal requirement, which has been set out in the Private Rented Sector regulations – it doesn’t apply as a formal rule to homeowners or businesses. That said, a C1 means there’s a danger present right now, so it needs sorting immediately whoever owns the property, not just when it’s a rental. A C2 doesn’t come with a legal countdown outside the rental sector either, but “urgent” is the operative word – it’s not something sensible to leave hanging around, particularly with insurance and general safety in mind.

What Happens If You Fail an EICR?

An unsatisfactory result isn’t the end of the world — it simply means remedial work is needed. Your electrician will provide a quote for the repairs and once completed, they’ll issue a Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate or an updated EICR confirming the issues have been resolved.

For landlords, failing to act on an unsatisfactory EICR can result in local authority enforcement action and fines of up to £30,000.

Booking an EICR

An EICR should only ever be carried out by a qualified, registered electrician. Always check for:

• Registration with a competent person scheme
• Proof of qualifications (e.g. 18th Edition, 2391 inspection and testing)
• Public liability insurance

Summary

An EICR is a vital safety check for any property’s fixed electrical installation, legally required for landlords every 5 years and strongly recommended for homeowners and businesses. Getting one done regularly means problems get caught while they’re still minor, rather than turning into something far more serious — protecting people, property and (for landlords) keeping you on the right side of the law.

Do your commercial, industrial or retail sites need an EICR?
Get in touch!

Need More Information?

Are you unsure about whether you need a PAT Test or an EICR? Click one of the links below to find comparison between them or more a in-depth look into PAT Testing

PAT Testing: Electrical Safety in the Workplace

What is PAT Testing?

PAT Testing is very simple, if you’ve ever seen an electrician going around with a little handheld device, plugging kettles or laptop chargers into it and then sticking a green pass sticker on the cable, you’ve seen PAT testing in action. It’s one of those things almost every business has to deal with at some point, but very few people actually understand what’s going on or why it’s needed.

What Does PAT Testing Actually Stand For?

PAT stands for Portable Appliance Testing. It’s basically what it says on the tin, it’s the process of checking that electrical appliances – the ones you plug into a wall socket rather than hard-wired ones – are safe to use. Think of it as things such as kettles, monitors, extension leads, power tools, printers, microwaves, basically anything that has a plug on the end.

The point of the test is simple: to catch any faults before they can cause serious problems such as a fire, an electric shock or worse. Cables fray, plugs get damaged, internal wiring can degrade over time without anyone noticing from the outside. PAT testing is there to find those problems before they can find you.

Is PAT Testing a Legal Requirement?

In the UK there is no law that says “you must PAT test your appliances every 12 months”. However, what does exist is the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, along with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, both of which say that employers have a duty to ensure electrical equipment is maintained in a safe condition.

PAT testing is simply the most recognised and practical way of proving that you’re meeting that duty. Meaning that while nobody can point to a specific clause forcing you to test every appliance annually, if something does go wrong and you can’t show any record of checking your equipment, that’s a problem – especially with insurers and if there’s ever an accident investigation.

This is why most companies bring in a qualified commercial electrician to carry out testing rather than doing it in-house. It’s not just about having the right equipment – a competent tester will know what to look for, how to interpret any results and how to keep records that actually hold up if they’re ever needed.

Who Needs PAT Testing?

Any industrial, commercial or retail site with electrical equipment and staff, customers or contractors on the premises. This covers warehouses, factories and production lines, offices, shops and retail units, hospitality venues, workshops – in essence, anywhere plug-in equipment is being used day to day. Even equipment that barely gets used still needs checking, just because something isn’t being used doesn’t mean it hasn’t deteriorated because the risk isn’t really about how often something is used, it’s about how safe it is to use at all.

For instance, In industrial and warehouse environments especially, equipment tends to take a lot more punishment – trailing cables, forklift traffic, damp or dusty conditions – so testing schedules are often need to be tighter together than a typical office would require.

What Happens During a PAT Test

There are two parts to any PAT Test. First there’s a visual inspection, which can catch the majority of faults – This is where the tester looks for damaged casing, exposed wires, incorrect fuses, signs of overheating, loose plugs, that sort of thing. It may sound basic, but a huge percentage of dangerous appliances get flagged just by looking at them properly.

Secondly comes the electrical testing itself, done with a PAT tester unit. Depending on the class of appliance, this typically checks things like:

• Earth continuity – making sure the earth wire is doing its job
• Insulation resistance – checking there’s no risk of current leaking where it shouldn’t
• Polarity – confirming the wiring inside the plug is correctly connected
• Load test/leakage current – checking the appliance draws power as expected without issues

Each appliance then gets a pass or fail which is labelled via a sticker with the test date (and often the next due date) and everything gets logged so there’s a paper trail if it’s ever needed.

How Often Should Testing Happen?

A lot of confusion can come here as there isn’t one answer that can be used for everything. It depends on the type of equipment, the environment it’s used in, and how much wear and tear it’s likely to see. The IET Code of Practice gives guidance rather than a strict hard rules, but as a rough example across the sites we typically work on:

• Office equipment like laptops and monitors in a commercial setting: every 2-4 years, sometimes longer
• Retail equipment such as tills, display units and stockroom appliances: every 1-2 years
• Portable tools and equipment in industrial or workshop settings: every 6-12 months
• Equipment on construction or fit-out sites: every 3 months, because the risk of damage is so much higher
• Extension leads and multi-way adaptors: usually annually, since these take a lot of abuse regardless of setting

A competent engineer will usually assess your environment and equipment types then recommend a sensible schedule rather than applying a one-size-fits-all interval.

What Happens If Something Fails?

If an appliance fails, it shouldn’t be used until it’s either repaired or replaced. A good tester will be able to flag exactly why it failed too – whether that’s a simple fix like a new plug or fuse, or something more serious that means the item needs binning altogether. It’s worth saying: a failed PAT test doesn’t automatically mean the appliance is dangerous in every case, sometimes it’s a straightforward fix, but it does mean it shouldn’t go back into use until it’s been sorted.

Why Bother Getting It Done Properly

Beyond the legal and insurance side of things, there’s a simpler reason: it’s gives peace of mind for relatively little outlay. A proper PAT testing visit for a commercial or industrial site doesn’t take long and doesn’t cost much compared to the cost of a fire, an injury or a claim against the business. It also tends to catch problems with equipment long before they become obvious, which saves money on replacements and repairs down the line too.

If it’s been a while since your workplace had appliances checked, or you’re not sure what your current testing schedule should look like, it’s worth getting a qualified engineer to take a look and advise properly rather than guessing.

Get PAT Testing Sorted by a Qualified Team

If it’s been a while since your site had appliances checked or you’re not sure what your current testing schedule should look like, it’s worth getting a qualified team to take a look and advise properly rather than guessing. As electrical and mechanical contractors covering the North West of England, PAT testing is one part of a wider range of electrical services we provide to commercial, industrial and retail clients – alongside fixed wire testing, installation, and ongoing maintenance work.

Summary

PAT testing is a straightforward way of checking that portable electrical appliances – kettles, laptops, power tools, extension leads, anything with a plug – are safe to keep using. There’s no single law demanding it happen on a fixed schedule, but employers do have a legal duty to keep electrical equipment safe and PAT testing is the standard way of proving that duty is being met. Getting it done regularly means faulty cables and damaged appliances get caught before they cause a shock, a fire or worse – protecting people, property and for any business’ giving you a paper trail if it’s ever needed.

Do your commercial, industrial or retail sites need PAT Testing?
Get in Touch

Need More Information?

Are you unsure about whether you need a PAT Test or an EICR? Click one of the links below to find comparison between them or more a in-depth look into EICR