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]]>Lot of the CPUs inside laptop sits there facing the bottom so that it vents away from your hands. If the laptop is resting on a flat and hard surface, the generated heated air within goes back to the back of the laptop and not towards the user, which is incredibly convenient. You access the CPU in this way from the bottom of the system.
CPU also has a heat-sink and a fan assembly which includes both CPU and chipset. Each of these pieces are screwed down in various places. Do not start pulling things out without careful inspection if this is a new laptop which you have never opened before. Refer to the manual again and see if they provide instructions and other necessary information. For instance, a fan will have a connection connected to it, which may not be visible upon looking at it.
The very first thing as you have learned until now. BE very careful about the ESD and remove all of the power from the laptop including the batter even though it is not plugged-in. In case the battery is built-in you don’t have option to take it out refer to the manufacturer or third-party resources. In case you don’t find the answer, wait for an answer. Keep looking. For instance, you might want to ask questions in forums like Tom’s Hardware, iFixit.com , Reddit etc. or best, directly talk to the support assistance of the manufacturer.
Remove the hatch which should expose the CPU. Remove the heat-sink along with fan assembly. Now lift out the processor. Be extra careful and gentle but not to the point that you are nervous, in such case leave it and come back to it later. Once done, replace it with another CPU. Then apply the thermal paste and finish the process by shutting it down with fan assembly and heat-sink. Once you are done, slide in the batter and necessary components you might have took out and then plug in and this should be it.
Again, look for the appropriate positioning of your laptop. It may have a passive cooling system and CPU pointed upward than downward. In that case, it may have the heat sink right beneath the keyboard to cool things down and you need to pry open the keyboard to expose the CPU.
Replacing laptop display is quite challenging. First thing is you need to know enough about how LCD works and their internal parts and what panel is in general. If you know them great but laptop’s display contains other integral parts that makes up the laptop. Such as the LCD panel has the backlight and inverter (on older portables) and in addition to it, they typically have components like a Wi-Fi antenna, Webcam and microphone. In case the display is touchscreen, that brings you different challenge.
Process of replacing the screen, inverter, Wi-Fi antenna, Webcam or microphone follows the likewise steps we discussed until now. You pry the frame off the display. Typically a spudger or other tools are used. Removed the exposed screws. The screen will come out and you need to detach the integral parts in addition. Take notice that each of the laptops and the way they are supposed to be dismantle varies. Better, check out with the manufacturer resources. You will need to disconnect the data cables gently for each component. In case you are replacing a defective webcam or microphone, you do not need to disconnect other parts, but if you need to replace the inverter or screen, you will need to disconnect everything from each other.
Document the process and which parts goes where and where it connects to and how it connects. The whole process will become mind puzzling if you do not document. Best way to do is to take pictures with your phone or record yourself while opening them up. This little setup will save you from great sweat and time!
Note that all of the instruction mentioned here are general but the details are not exactly what are mentioned here since the devices and their internal architecture varies.
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]]>How it is with replacing the speaker again depends on where it is. If it is outside the chassis, you simply pry off the covers, pull out the speakers, disconnect the cables and simply replace them with the new ones and reverse the whole process. In case, the speakers are part of integral components, good luck dismantling the laptop to the bones.
Frame
Every portables out there are made up of sophisticated electric components like different kind of plastics, metal, rubber parts. Together this is what known as frame. Essentially these parts are quite durable but just like any other products- they can be wrecked, bent, cracked, dent and chip under accident or due to its age.
If you are looking at replacing the frame, you need to know few things which needs to be exact information. You need to know about things like exact device model, parts number and so on. They best place to look for such information is on the manufacturer provided resources or third-party resources. Many of these device parts appear similar and some parts may appear in other portables out there. You are also likely to come across a part that you need is available as a part of a larger assembly or group. In such case you will have to pay ridiculous amount of money and probably you want to add something and get a new laptop instead.
There are lot of portables out there who offers one or more true expansion slots for add-on cards. Typically a laptop with modular component varieties will have a hatch on the bottom of the case which opens up like the hatch of the RAM slots. For instance, this allows you to change an 802.11n wireless card for an 802.11ac card enhancing your Wi-Fi experience to the next level from the device. Likewise, you are also able to change the Bluetooth module with an upgraded version.
Remember that you want to avoid ESD (Electronic static discharge) at any cost which malfunctions the electronics inside and remove all of the energy and power suppliers before you delve into opening up each of the components. There are plenty of things you can use to avoid ESD, an anti-static wrist strap for instance. If you fail to remove the battery and the AC adapter, you will probably be looking at shorted-out laptop and a bad day and thick wallet. Take extra precautionary measures and look for the manufacturer resources if the battery is built-in or any other concern you may have.
Other concerns and considerations with the expansion cards applies directly to wireless. This requires a careful installation of card into the slot as well as you need to reattach the antenna connection often with a separate power cable. Pay really careful attention when you are replacing the card and vital connections. One of the two types of expansion is quite common in laptops. A mini-PCIe and M.2. Most of the older one used Mini-PCIe and the more modern ones use M.2 slots.
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]]>If you rely on your laptop a lot, you should know you can replace some of its parts.
A laptop and a desktop computer are almost indistinguishable at this point since there are insanely high-end laptop available which will give you the high performance, if that is what you are looking for. They are super expensive of course. One of the thing about desktop is, it is quite flexible and easy when it comes down to replacing its components. Same is not true for laptops. Laptops components are replaceable but not to the extent of a desktop and also opening up the bottom panel working directly on laptop motherboard is like you are about to walk on an eggshell and you have to be incredibly careful and calm.
Replacing laptop components other than RAM or drive, requires more work and careful attention. Replacing components, which can be replaced typically falls into the “doable” category. So, let’s take a look at some of these doable components for laptops.
Generally you know it is time to hit the manufacturer or aftermarket vendors when your battery performance become unacceptable. Battery replacement is not much of a big deal (unless it is not built in). There is a but here, that is, before you go and replace your battery, see if the problem is really with the battery or the charging system? Sometimes the charging system malfunctions and can get incredibly dodgy to notice. This directly affects your battery.
Now not only this. Sometimes, the electrical wiring in our house is not good enough and wall socket or the power strip may be corrupted. In such case, the new battery won’t do you any better. If you can, test the battery with any other charger as well as test it out on different socket in the house or anyone else’s house.
Keyboards of the laptops are replaceable. Often keyboards need to be replaced due to its age or some catastrophe that took place, for instance, spilling a beautiful mug of coffee onto it or your cat took a little pee pee onto it and so on. Replacing keyboard requires a tiny pry bars. But try not to simply just pry it out but look for tiny screws or anything such. Refer to the manufacturer manual or leave it on the laptop experts.
For the optical drive, changing it is not much of a big deal unless it is part of the internal chassis. You just simply look for any screw or anything such and pop it out. In case it is part of an internal chassis, you are looking at the full dissection. In such case, if you are not confident enough, leave it up to the laptop tech and specially laptop experts.
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]]>Even though generally laptops do not tend to live thus long, it might happen you possess a nice laptop with sufficient performance, however, the amount of memory it has is absolutely not enough. Then, you will definitely be willing to expand it.
Another common scenario is of course having some issues with the mass storage which indeed requires fixing. In the majority of such case, you will just have to install a new storage unit.
You are also able to replace the mass storage. This, you need to determine the kind of mass storage you have. Determine if it is a hard disk drive (HDD), solid state drive (SSD) or solid state hybrid drive (SSHD). The time we are in now, SATA drives of 2.5-inch drive format rules the laptops. These are much smaller than regular 3.5-inch hard drives but they all share the same features and configurations.
Smaller sizes typically limits the capacity. The large one of 2.5-inch hard drive capacity is up to 5 TB while a 3.5-inch hard drive max out at, as high as, 8 TB of data. Unfortunately, most of the laptop out there have room for drives of 7mm or 9 mm thick. There are largest drives which are 2.5 inch drives, which fits in a typical laptop max out at 2 TB.
If you have a newer portable, you might have smaller SSD formats like mSATA or M.2. Most of the manufacturers make it quite easy to replace a hard drive. Remove the bottom panel the same way you would remove it for the RAM of course. Remove the tiny screw and pop the old drive out. Again, refer to the manufacturer manual for better instruction of how your laptop’s work in terms of opening up components. Remove the old one and install the new hard drive. In case, the old laptop seems stuck or not coming out the way you expect, stop and read the manufacturer instruction again but NEVER force any of the component to come out. Once done installing, reboot the computer and reinstall the Windows.
One of the best upgrade you can bring to your laptop is, if you have HDD and upgrade it to SSD. You will get less storage capacity but worth the money. You will also have a storage that consumes less electricity than a HDD. SSDs are incredibly faster than HDD in both read and write. Upgrading both RAM and hard drive will give you substantial raise in the performance.
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]]>Generally every portable computers come in with minimum amount of RAM installed by the manufacturer. Which is enough for mundane task like, browsing, researching, writing, email and so on. Yet, like any other upgrades, a call for upgrade is gotten when you have heavy duty task which you are doing regularly or even occasionally.
Tasks could be from heavy gaming, working on animation, video editing, graphic intensive tasks or multiple application needs to be opened and so on. These are the cases when more RAM is required. You want to increase your RAM in this case to make sure you have enough RAM to go around.
Fortunately, most of the laptops come in with upgradeable RAM slots. The slots differ in terms of the pin and RAM type. So, determining the RAM type and your slot is the first thing you want to do. For instance, on older system 200-pin DDR and DDR2 SO-DIMMs dominated while recent systems are 204-pin DDR3 SO-DIMMs or newer ones like 260-pin DDR4 SO-DIMMS dominated. If you are not thus familiar with RAM, better to leave it up to the experience tech and let them handle this for you. In case, if you know your RAMs, then go ahead and upgrade them by yourself. Just a point to take away, desktop and portable RAMs may have same specification but their pins may differ. Watch out for that.
Upgrading and installing the RAM requires just couple of steps. First thing, refer to the manufacturer’s Website for the manual or the physical manual you might have got upon purchase and see the kind of RAM you need for your system. Once you determine the RAM type, make sure you know about the existing RAM configuration. Keep in mind of the RAM channels. For instance, if you have 4GB or RAM inside the system and planning to upgrade it to 8GB, determine whether the port has one 4GB module or two 2GB modules.
Every portable comes in with unique challenges for the tech wanting to upgrade the laptop RAM. This is because there is no standard location for RAM placement in portables. Even the RAM slots may not be in the same spot and reside on the different corner of the laptop. More likely, you will also have to unscrew or pop open a panel on the bottom side of the laptop.
Still, before you get down to open up the bottom panel, you need to take some extra measures such as putting on an anti-static wrist strap and right tools. Right tools have been explained earlier. Then make sure to remove the battery first and DO not keep the laptop plugged-in. Remove any source of power.
Now you want to be extra careful while prying open the bottom panel. One impatient move and there goes the panel and it may break easily. Sometimes there are hidden screws. Again, check on with the manufacturer manual without forcing the cover to open. Once you made it inside, look for the latch and how to open it. Then slide the RAM out and slide the new RAM in gently.
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]]>The post Research with virtualisation appeared first on Cliweb.com.
]]>So, what do research has to do anything here? One of the great example has been given by professor Mike Meyer (Guru in the field of IT). He generally sells one of his most popular Total Tester test banks for his students to practice questions and test their skills on wide range of certification topics. This goes on from basics of IT , compTIA A+, Network+ to Cyber Security and so on. As with most of the distribution programs, he tend to get a few support calls.
Running a problem through the same operating system helps his team solve it. He also mentions that in his pre-virtualisation days, he usually had to maintain seven to ten multiboot computers which laid around in his office just to keep those active copies of specific Windows version and other operating systems. But with the modern technology like virtualisation, he just setup one physical computer with multiple OS running.
Now that you know about the benefits you can reap of these machines, what else you need to know about? Of course, this topic here was more of introductory topic. Do dig further, you just need to know the kind of virtualisation technology out there and how you would implement them.
One thing you want to know is there are certain type of emulation out there and you do not want to mix it up with virtualisation. An emulator, which emulates a certain device, is not the same as virtualisation. For instance, there are emulators for different gaming platform like Snes, myboy, PSPX and most popular Retroarch. These are just emulators of the different platform like Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation etc. Which you can use to play all those platform games on your computer. These emulator serve absolutely different purpose than virtualisation.
You want to know about Hyper-V of Windows system. Then the Hypervisor. In case if you are breaking into the field of tech, you certainly want to know about some of the low level details of how how supervisor work inside a single generic system. This combination of supervisor and hypervisor is extremely crucial for someone who manage virtualisation for a system.
While it may all sound pretty daunting, it is really not if you get your hands on a good place who explains these so well. Either you can find it from our websites or others or a great recommendation of a book would be getting a copy of compTIA A+ by Mike Meyers. This book is incredibly insightful and necessary if you are breaking into the filed of IT.
With all of this information you are good to take it further from here according to your requirements. Good luck on your endeavour.
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]]>Right off the bat, the top four benefits you can reap of are:
Before the virtualisation, in reference with the X’s scenario, he would not have much choices and would have to setup each operating system on unique physical system. Since virtualisation is out there, now X could setup multiple web servers or clients on a single physical system, reducing huge electric consumption substantially.
Rather than one machine running a Windows File server and another windows system for DNS server and another running Linux for DHCP server, use one physical system and setup system for that handle all three of them. Imagine if each of the system had consume 300 watts of electricity how much three or more of them would consume each day? Whereas you can potentially cut down the consumption to just one 300 watts of electricity consumption.
You can save power by consolidating multiple web servers or clients into one single powerful server or client, you which also helps you avoid the cost involves purchasing expensive hardware which may rarely run at its full capacity during its entire lifetime. With the durable thin clients, complex desktop computers can easily be replaced, which may not even require additional physical components like hard drives, fans, optical drives since they only need enough power to access the server. For such a case, why would anybody buy the whole multiple high-end servers, multiple processors, RAID arrays, redundant power supplies and so on so forth. A simple implementation of virtualisation, you build one physical server machine and run multiple servers or clients, which eliminates all of these potential direct business cost and overheads.
One of the most common benefits with virtualisation is reaping from the easy-to-manage systems. You can take the full advantage of the fact that VMs are simply like files like any other files, can be copied. Any new employees can quickly setup virtual machine with department-specifics including all of the software that is already installed.
This kind of management system turns out to be a sleek security advantage as well. Let’s say you have put a new employee with a physical system. In case that system goes down for some reason like – hacked, malware and likes – you need to restore the whole system from a backup, which at worst, may not be even easily available or break out the operating system’s installation media. If a virtualisation has been setup, the host machine, hypervisor and any other VMs it runs fortunately are, generally, unaffected and uninfected. You just need to shut down the virtual machine and reload another clean and alternative copy of it. That is it. Since, VMS are simply files, they are easy to keep around and mange and backed up.
Yet, note that we mentioned “generally” here since VMs are connected to a network, which face the same risk factors as any other networked computers. All networked VMs have security requirements, which are similar to a physical system and definitely should get the kind of security system you would implement in a physical system. VMs still need a good amount of security measures and hygiene.
Most of the virtual machines out there give us the option to make a snapshot or checkpoint which saves a copy of the virtual machines state of that point of time. This incredibly allow us to quickly revert back to that state when we need it.
These snapshots can let you take risky measurements, maintenance with a safety net or updating, without having to worry about if you could ever go back to such state before. However, these measures are not long term strategy for backup since each of these snapshots can significantly reduce performance and should be removed as soon the threat is passed.
Note that each of these virtual machines have same behaviour or tasks available to you as of any other physical system with any operating system. So you could manage machines multiple user accounts with their respective user name, passwords, permissions and so on.
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]]>The post Virtualisation for efficiency appeared first on Cliweb.com.
]]>We would not go thus super advanced topic as of how metaverse and VR is working in terms of computing but how you can use one of the technology that could save your business from some unnecessary expenses.
Virtualisation is the technology we are going to look into now. This is not VR (Virtual Reality) kind of stuff but something else which do incorporate the virtual part. Before we get into technical jargon, let’s look at scenario to give us a good overview first.
A guy named X just launched his company which hosts web sites and he got his first client name Z from Y corporation. Yet, what kind of things X needs in order produce a website? On the very basic level, hosting for websites require four major components such as a computer, operating system, network connection and software for Web server.
Now, Z who is the head of IT for Y corporation has a quite specifics in minds for the kind of hardware and software they are looking for. For computer, he is looking forward for an HP running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). So, here is the first machine that saves some time for X.
Now, X got a second client, the head of the IT from Mario Bros. Corporation, one of the direct competitor of Y Corporation. Now, Mario Bros need a complete different specifications than Y’s. This head of IT for Mario Bros prefer the same HP but in terms of Operating systems, looking for a Linux setup running Apache server.
Now X has two dedicated computers, each of them running individuals preferences and setup with two network connection and consuming electricity like crazy.
Also, two of the Dell’s huge computing power is just left unused because those websites do not have heavy traffic and just moderate amount of traffic.Is there an efficient solution for this? Yes, there is. This is where the whole virtual machines (VMs), also known as guests come in so handy! In this scenario, X can easily save resources by installing a virtualisation software onto a Dell computer running Windows Server and then install along a stand alone copies of Windows and Linux running IIS and Apache respectively. In this case, the two web servers would never interfere with each other since there data has separate space and individual files.
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]]>The post Using Virtualisation on your machine appeared first on Cliweb.com.
]]>Now let’s look at few of the ways you can start using virtualisation. But, let weave all of the basics together and put it in its simplest forms. Client-side virtualisation is running a virtual machine on your local system whereas a VM can run anywhere. It does not matter where the VM files might be stored locally or on a remote server. The basics of creating a virtual machine are the following.
This is amazing that how all of the major operating system like Linux, Windows, macOS supports hypervisor but they all have a specific hardware requirements to run the hypervisor properly. At the beginning, each of these operating systems has some way of enabling a hardware virtualisation support which makes hypervisor running incredibly smooth. Every Intel-based CPU from as early as 1980s is designed to support a supervisor to take care of the multi-tasking.
Things get quite sweaty when the work of CPU gets heavier with multiple supervisor or multiple VMs. AMD and Intel both added extra features to their CPUs which started to support hypervisors for more than a decade ago. AMD’s is AMD-V and Intel’s is VT-x. So this the hardware virtualisation support. Should your CPU and BIOS support hardware virtualisation, you are in a good position to turn this feature on and off from system’s setup utility.
Here it comes. We took care of the hardware virtualisation support. Now what about the mini crucial hardware? Yes, each of the virtual machine you will be running will need as much RAM as of a physical one. Therefore it is one of the most common practice to clog your system case with enough RAM to keep the virtual machines running and well fed. In general, you want to keep two things in mind while setting up a virtual machine.
How much of a RAM you need depends on the kind of VM you will be using. In this case, you need to make a little research on how much RAM should you be allocating for each of the VM you are willing to setup. Here are possible common scenarios:
Now this list is just to give you a rough idea of how you could allocate these RAM. Although, it may seems like this is not much of a RAM, it is a good idea to double or triple or quadruple the amount of RAM you have estimated. In this case, Motherboard plays a huge role here. You do not want to setup such multiple VM where RAM maxes out at 16GB.
Now as for the space, VM files can be quite large since they include everything installed on the VM. This depends entirely on the operating system and how the VM is used. The VM file could range from megabytes to hundreds of gigabytes. To top things up, every snapshot you make of the operating system, for security reason, takes up quite a space. It can even max out your allocated storage over time.
There are the three things you want to keep in mind:
One of the coolest thing you can do is virtually connect them to the internet. Hypervisor do much more than just that. They connect number of ways which depends on the requirement of the network. You can do plenty of things with networking here. You can use their internal network to connect with each other meaning other VMs. There is bridged Networking, which is used to bridge between the VM and host machine to connect to the internet. There is also a virtual switch that you can use to connect all the VM to the actual host network from one place just like a real time switch.
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]]>This is where the line is drawn and quite a noticeable one. Virtualisation takes on the hardware of the host system and right away allocates some portion of the space, memory and power to the individual virtual machines.
For instance, if you have an Intel based system, a hypervisor would create a virtual machine which acts exactly like the host of the system, in this case the Intel system. For virtualisation to be a virtualisation, it can not act like any other kind of computer. For instance, a virtual machine on an Intel system can not act like a Gameboy colour. The job of the hypervisor is simply to pass the code from the virtual machine to the host system that is running on.
Emulation on the other hand is quite different from virtualisation. Emulator is kind of software or a hardware which converts the commands from and to the host system into a completely different platform. One of the neat example of this would be the mighty games emulator out there. For instance SNES, MyBoy and the mighty RetroArch. Another instance apart from the gaming emulator is the android emulator like BlueStack and so on.
Note that all of these emulators have different requirements to run them properly. For instance, a host system trying to run PS4 Games on PC require hardware way more powerful than the actual platform being emulated. At that point you probably can buy the platform rather than upgrading your PC only for emulation purpose. Unless you really want to be thus geeky.
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