Trade issues and labor, both major concerns for California’s citrus industry, were among numerous topics discussed recently by Jacob Villagomez, director of governmental affairs for California Citrus Mutual.

EXPORT MARKETS HARMED BY TARIFFS

Villagomez said Canada is the No. 1 export market for California citrus. He described how previous tariff actions resulted in canceled orders and shipments being frozen almost overnight. Losing access to an export market can have consequences that last well beyond the immediate dispute, he said.

“When you lose market access, it takes a number of years to regain that access,” Villagomez explained.

He said shipments to China have declined substantially since the Trump administration came into office. The industry remains hopeful that additional market access can eventually be restored, but diplomatic issues must first be addressed, he said.

COMPETITION WITH IMPORTS

California growers are competing against imported citrus. Villagomez specifically pointed to large volumes of Argentine lemons entering the U.S. market and putting downward pressure on prices. The issue is especially serious when Argentine lemons arrive at the same time California growers are marketing their crop.

California Citrus Mutual is seeking federal relief through a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) system. Such a mechanism would establish a volume threshold for imports, with a higher tariff applying to product entering above the quota.

California growers are not seeking to stop imports, Villagomez said. Instead, they want a more balanced market that recognizes the substantially higher costs California growers face for labor, water, fertilizer and regulatory compliance.

MORE RELIABLE LABOR NEEDED

Labor is particularly important because California citrus is overwhelmingly destined for the fresh market and still must be harvested by hand. Villagomez said the industry relies heavily on migrant and immigrant workers and continues to push for immigration and H-2A reforms that can provide a more reliable legal workforce.

Villagomez also discussed opportunities for California citrus. Hear more from Villagomez in the AgNet News Hour podcast.

The post Trade and Labor Challenge California Citrus appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

As oxytetracycline (OTC) trunk injection becomes an important tool for managing HLB, researchers are looking for ways to make the labor-intensive treatment faster, more efficient and less expensive.

Part of a research paper published in Tropical Plant Pathology discusses an automated trunk-injection system being developed for HLB-affected citrus. The authors of the paper, titled “Integrated pest management strategies to address HLB: emerging approaches for Florida citrus sustainability,” are Lauren Fessler Mathews, Sanju Kunwar, Ana Redondo, Yiannis Ampatzidis and Ozgur Batuman, all with the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

OTC injections have shown promise in improving the health and productivity of HLB-affected trees. But treating large numbers of trees requires considerable labor. The researchers note that labor can account for more than 50% of OTC injection costs, making automation potentially important for the economics of the treatment.

A prototype uses a needle-based injection system mounted on a farm vehicle. Instead of workers manually drilling holes, attaching injectors and monitoring individual trees, the automated system uses a telescoping mechanism to position needles against the trunk to deliver the treatment.

The system is designed to be operated by one person, potentially reducing the number of workers needed to treat a grove. It also can inject from both sides of a tree at the same time. The two-sided application could address another challenge with trunk injections: sectoring. With a single injection point, the treatment may not spread evenly throughout the tree, leaving some portions with less of the product. The researchers say simultaneous injection from opposite sides could help improve distribution.

Speed is another potential advantage. The automated system is designed to deliver the material within seconds, which could reduce concerns about OTC solution degrading before it is injected. The system also eliminates the need to manually drill each tree.

The technology is still being optimized, particularly for injection pressure and overall efficiency, so it is not yet a finished production solution.

For growers, however, the research points toward an important direction: making HLB treatments easier to scale. As OTC injection programs expand, reducing the labor and time required to treat each tree could become just as important as improving the treatment itself.

The automated system is one part of a broader HLB research pipeline that also includes antimicrobial peptides, resistant citrus and new approaches for controlling the Asian citrus psyllid.

See the full paper here.

The post HLB Research Looks to Automate Trunk Injection appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

Fundecitrus’ first re-estimate of the 2026–27 orange crop for Brazil’s São Paulo and Triângulo/Southwest Minas Gerais regions, released Sept. 10, indicates production of 263.15 million 40.8-kilogram boxes. That’s an increase of 7.95 million boxes, or 3.1%, from the initial estimate released in May.

The revision stems from an upward adjustment in projected fruit weight for early- and mid-season varieties, which more than offsets the projected increase in the premature fruit drop rate for these varieties.

WEATHER

According to data from Climatempo Meteorology, accumulated average rainfall in the Citrus Belt from May to August was 51% higher than the historical average for 1991 to 2020. Rainfall in May and August was close to historical norms, while June and July recorded volumes significantly above average.

HARVEST

As in the previous season, the pace of the harvest is slower than usual, but this trend is even more pronounced in the current crop year. By mid-August, only 27% of the production had been harvested. This delay is attributed to the high proportion of fruit from the second bloom and the decision to prioritize harvesting at the optimal stage of maturity.

By mid-August, harvest of the Hamlin, Westin and Rubi varieties had reached 85%. For other early-season varieties, the figure stood at 65%. The harvest of the mid-season Pera variety reached 16%. Among late-season varieties, the harvest of Valencia and Folha Murcha totaled 1.2%, while that of the Natal variety stood at 0.1%.

FRUIT SIZE

The combination of above-average rainfall and a slower harvest pace favored weight gain in early- and mid-season varieties. Considering the average across all varieties, the estimate shifts from 255 fruits per box in May to 246 fruits per box in this revised forecast.

FRUIT DROP

The extended time that fruit remained on trees, combined with high pest and disease pressure, led to increased premature fruit drop in early- and mid-season varieties compared to the same period in previous years. The increasing severity of citrus greening, along with incidences of citrus leprosis and citrus canker exceeding historical levels, intensified fruit drop. The average fruit drop rate, initially projected at 23.7% in the May estimate, has been revised to 24.1%.

See the September forecast report here. The next Brazilian orange crop forecast will be released on Dec. 10.

The post Brazilian Orange Crop Forecast Increased appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

Applications are open through Sept. 18 for University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Connect (UC ANR Connect), a grower-informed commercialization program for agriculture technology. Selected companies in the program receive commercialization support, direct feedback from California growers and agricultural professionals, industry connections and the opportunity to demonstrate technology live at a field day.

UC ANR Connect is operated by UC ANR Innovate, the innovation arm of University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, in partnership with ag tech venture firm Farmhand Ventures.

The current application cycle is focused on commercially available technologies for permanent crops including citrus, fresh fruit, table grapes, pistachios, desert vegetables, berries and avocados.

“Entering the California market requires more than a strong technology,” said Helle Petersen, director of UC ANR Innovate. “Companies need to understand how farmers make decisions, how their products fit into agricultural operations and what it takes to earn trust. UC ANR Connect gives companies a structured way to build that understanding while developing relationships across California agriculture.”

The program begins with challenges identified by California growers and agriculture professionals. UC ANR Innovate’s advisory board and agricultural partners help define priority needs and evaluate whether applicants have commercially available solutions that are relevant to those needs.

Participants engage directly with growers, UC Cooperative Extension advisors, researchers and industry partners through customer-discovery conversations and feedback sessions. That input helps companies refine their value proposition, strengthen their market positioning and communicate more effectively with the people who may use, recommend or support their products.

“The unique thing about our program is that it starts with grower priorities based on their biggest operational constraints,” said Hannah Johnson, industry lead for UC ANR Connect. “We are looking for teams that have solutions to those problems and are ready to build lasting relationships in California agriculture.”

The program culminates in a live field-day demonstration, where companies show their technology in an agricultural setting, explain how it works and answer questions from growers and other attendees. The demonstrations give companies immediate, practical feedback while allowing growers to evaluate emerging technologies before considering adoption.

During its first two years, UC ANR Connect has worked with 55 companies through eight program cycles and brought more than 1,000 growers, researchers, agriculture professionals and industry representatives to its field days.

Learn more and apply for the program here.

Source: UC ANR

The post Ag Tech Solutions Sought for California Crops appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

The Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation has officially registered a new seedless and thornless lemon variety named Egypt 25 (Citrus aurantium). According to state-level administrative reports published by Egypt Today, the proprietary cultivar was engineered and certified by the Horticulture Research Institute, which operates directly under Egypt’s Agricultural Research Center.

This official registration marks a strategic push by agriculture officials to expand Egypt’s global export footprint while safeguarding national agricultural intellectual property. According to Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Alaa Farouk, the state-backed development program focuses heavily on maximizing the long-term economic output of domestic citrus assets. It also focuses on optimizing modern high-density planting models and improving farm-level operational efficiency.

THORNLESS

For commercial citrus growers and international exporters, the physical traits of the Egypt 25 lemon variety offer several distinct technical and financial advantages. The thornless nature of the trees significantly simplifies manual harvesting protocols. By eliminating sharp thorns from the tree canopy, field crews can pick fruit much faster, lowering labor overhead. More importantly, thornless branches minimize wind-whipping damage and rind punctures during the growing cycle, resulting in a significantly higher fresh fruit pack-out rate of premium, fresh-market grade fruit.

SEEDLESS

Additionally, the completely seedless profile of the fruit delivers immediate value to downstream industrial citrus processing plants. Commercial juice extraction facilities can process Egypt 25 shipments seamlessly, completely bypassing the traditional mechanical filtration and seed-separation steps that frequently slow down processing lines.

The tree’s growth habit is uniquely tailored to modern intensive, high-density cultivation layouts, allowing progressive commercial growers to maximize tree counts and overall fruit yield per acre.

As Egypt solidifies its position as a dominant player in the global citrus trade, the rollout of advanced cultivars like Egypt 25 underlines a broader state effort to meet rigid international market standards.

Commercial field trials and distribution timelines for the new lemon variety are expected to be announced in official updates from the agricultural ministry in Cairo.

The post Egypt Registers New Lemon Variety appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

Effective immediately, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced it was expanding the HLB quarantined area in California. The action was made on Sept. 1 in cooperation with the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA).

APHIS is adding 1 square mile to the Santa Paula quarantined area in Ventura County, which impacts 151.7 acres of commercial citrus. APHIS is adding 10 square miles to the quarantined area in Riverside and San Diego counties, which impacts 121.5 acres of commercial citrus.

This measure parallels the intrastate quarantine that CDFA established on July 15. APHIS is taking this action because plant tissue samples from residential properties tested positive for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of HLB.

APHIS is applying safeguarding measures that govern interstate movement of regulated articles from the quarantined areas. This action helps prevent HLB from spreading to areas that are not currently infested.

For updated quarantine maps and details, visit the APHIS Citrus Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid webpage. APHIS will also publish a notice of this change in the Federal Register.

Additional information is available from APHIS agriculturist Abby Stilwell at 919-323-6296.

Read more on recent HLB quarantines here.

Source: USDA APHIS

The post HLB Quarantine Expansions Impact California Citrus appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

By John M. Chater

Arnold Schumann, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) professor at the Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), pioneered the citrus under protective screen (CUPS) production method in Florida. He started his CUPS work over 12 years ago to help provide horticultural tools to growers to continue producing high-quality fruit by means of pest exclusion. There are now over 1,000 acres of CUPS with many more being planted this season. Pest exclusion is an ancient method of preventing pest access to crops, often by means of a physical barrier. In CUPS, that barrier is a mesh screen.

Although there have not been enough years of data collected from plantings to recommend a scion/rootstock combination in the CUPS system, there is some information about what has been working and what has not worked out well.

RAY RUBY ON US-897

A common grapefruit fresh market selection in Florida CUPS is Ray Ruby, a high-quality, red-fleshed fruit. Trees can produce nearly 1,000 85-pound field boxes per acre on US-897 rootstock in three to four seasons with proper cultural care under normal growing conditions. Ray Ruby on US-897 appears to be a useful selection in recent seasons.

US-897 aids in controlling tree height, as growers have been working to avoid the use of ladders, which has been a common theme in other citrus-producing regions like California and Spain. Citrus tends to grow faster in CUPS compared to outside groves, and the trees can often produce fruit that is inaccessible if pruning and canopy management are not considered. One potential problem with US-897 is that it is reported to be susceptible to blight, so that should be considered when selecting a rootstock. So far, there has been no sign of incompatibility with the Ray Ruby/US-897 combination.

RES 19-56

Another selection that has been under observation in CUPS is RES 19-56. This mandarin hybrid from UF/IFAS professor Fred Gmitter Jr. is a cross between Daisy (mother) and Mukaku Kishu (pollen plant). The tree appears to crop hard and early in tree age, making it a seemingly precocious selection.

There are not enough years of data to determine whether this will be a better selection than Ray Ruby on US-897. There is, however, evidence that this selection can produce bright-colored, easy peel, seedless fruit about the size of Tango mandarin. Therefore, this cultivar has the potential to meet the Cuties and Halos market.

One benefit of RES 19-56 is its earliness. This cultivar has been ready to harvest by mid- to late October. An interesting trait of this mandarin is that it can produce fruit in bunches, similar to grapes, which makes a unique presentation. The fruit also have a decent postharvest shelf life and are reported to respond to ethylene. Trees with different rootstocks are under observation.

GATOR BITES

There are other UF/IFAS selections under observation in CUPS, although the numbers of trees are fewer than desired. Gator Bites (also known as 18A-9-39), a selection created by UF/IFAS Professor Jude Grosser, has some potential in CUPS, although only a few topworked trees have been observed.

The pedigree of Gator Bites is highly complex. It is a seedless triploid, and embryo rescue was used. In CUPS, it is virtually seedless. The fruit are ready in December and have been able to hold until early January in Central Florida. Fruit are Clementine-sized, easy peel and seedless. Crops have been consistently heavy.

MORE VARIETIES UNDER OBSERVATION

Other selections (recently released by UF/IFAS) are under observation in CUPS and appear to have some potential. This includes two easy-peel seedless mandarins with larger-sized fruit (C7-12-18 and KE 9-9) and the seedless orange-like hybrid 104.

For these selections and others that are being observed in CUPS, it is important to consider canopy management. Hedging mandarins can lead to loss of fruit in productive branches and cause lanky or otherwise suboptimal production of fruit.

Regardless of mandarin selection, the goal is to identify a selection that will bring financial returns near to what grapefruit provides. This would require several hundred boxes per acre, which may be a challenge. To meet this challenge, 100 different mandarins are being planted in a new CUPS structure at the CREC. Researchers intend to learn which mandarins produce quality fruit with commercial yields.

914 is a grapefruit-like hybrid with exceptional, refreshing grapefruit flavor without the typical bitterness of a grapefruit. The trees have been cropping heavy, and the fruit are beautiful. 914 fruit are very much grapefruit-like, although there can be a subset of larger fruit or fruit with more albedo. However, these characteristics seem to subside as the trees age, and the high yields of quality fruit make it even less of a problem. Regardless, 914 fruit and juice have been adored by international audiences, including grapefruit lovers and haters.

The nearly-seedless 18A-10-47 selection of Honey Murcott (newly released from UF/IFAS) is also showing promise in CUPS. Honey Murcott on Kuharske have done well in the CREC CUPS.         

WHAT MAY NOT WORK

In terms of what may not be a good selection in a CUPS system, there are quite a few for various reasons. There are major ecological changes when trees are enclosed with a screen. One of those changes is the lack of pollinators. Some cultivars require a pollinator for good production. These types of cultivars would probably do quite poorly due to the lack of bees in CUPS.

Early Pride is a U.S. Department of Agriculture selection that was planted in CUPS. It is an early cultivar that can meet market specifications, but the fruit are susceptible to split and drop. Unless Early Pride fruit split can be mitigated, it may be a cultivar to shelf for now, although some growers may do well with it.

W. Murcott has not done well in the CUPS system in Florida. Honey Murcott and Kinnow do produce high-quality fruit, as does Minneola, although those selections can contain seeds. Sugar Belle® LB8-9 produces excellent-quality, packable fruit with high Brix in the CUPS facility, but rootstock selection and production consistency are under evaluation for optimal production.

Regardless of which mandarin cultivar one selects for CUPS, alternate bearing or inconsistent yields should be a consideration as well as grafting incompatibility for uncharacterized combinations. Alternate bearing and grafting incompatibility with desired rootstocks in mandarin citriculture are considerations for growers both inside the CUPS structure and outside in the grove.

John M. Chater is an assistant professor at the UF/IFAS CREC in Lake Alfred.

The post Fresh Market Selections for CUPS appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

The development of citrus varieties that can resist HLB could eventually change how growers manage the disease. However, a recent study suggests the transition may not be as simple as planting resistant trees and stopping control of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) that spreads HLB.

A paper about the research, published in the April 2026 issue of Agricultural Systems, examines how growers might respond economically when HLB-resistant citrus cultivars become available. The paper — “How Resistant Cultivars Reshape Disease Management: An Application to Citrus Greening Disease” — was written by Xiurui Cui and Zhengfei Guan of the University of Florida and Kelly A. Grogan of the University of Wyoming.

The researchers developed a computer-based economic model that considered two major decisions:

1. When a grower would replace an existing grove with a resistant cultivar
2. When the grower would stop controlling the ACP

One important finding is that growers may not immediately replace productive trees when resistant varieties become available. Because citrus is a perennial crop, removing an existing grove means giving up production while new trees become established. The best timing for replanting depends on factors such as tree age, grove density and the effectiveness of the resistant cultivar.

The study identified a particularly important benchmark of 90% resistance efficacy. In the researchers’ model, when a cultivar provided at least 90% protection against HLB, it became economically beneficial for growers to stop insecticide applications for psyllid control before replanting with the resistant trees. With lower levels of resistance, continuing psyllid control remained economically valuable.

The research reinforces that resistant or tolerant trees could become an important long-term HLB management tool, but they are unlikely to eliminate the need for other management practices immediately.

The transition also could affect neighboring groves. If some growers stop psyllid control while others continue managing older, susceptible trees, increased psyllid pressure could create problems for growers who have not yet replanted.

The researchers conclude that successful adoption of resistant cultivars will require looking beyond individual groves and considering how management decisions affect the broader citrus-growing region.

Read the paper here.

The post Considerations When HLB-Resistant Trees Arrive appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

By Mark A. Ritenour

Many Florida citrus varieties reach legal maturity before developing the bright orange or yellow peel color consumers expect. As a result, fresh-market fruit often require degreening, a postharvest process that exposes harvested fruit to low concentrations of ethylene gas, a natural plant hormone that promotes chlorophyll breakdown and allows underlying yellow and orange carotenoid pigments to become visible.

It is important to remember that peel color and fruit maturity are not always the same. Citrus can be fully mature internally, with excellent juice quality and flavor, while still having a green peel. Peel color development is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly cool night temperatures below about 55°F. In tropical regions where temperatures remain warm year-round, mature citrus often stays green despite being ready to eat. Conversely, fruit that have developed good orange color can partially regreen if left on the tree after warm spring temperatures return.

Because consumers often associate peel color with quality, successful degreening plays an important role in fresh-market citrus marketing. However, degreening primarily improves fruit appearance and generally does not improve internal eating quality. When properly managed, degreening can enhance marketability and consumer appeal. Poorly managed degreening, on the other hand, can increase decay, accelerate deterioration and reduce packout quality.

Following are five keys to successful citrus degreening.

1. MAINTAIN PROPER TEMPERATURE

Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting degreening success.

Target temperature:

• 82-85°F: Best for rapid commercial degreening and chlorophyll removal
• 68-77°F: May promote enhanced carotenoid development and deeper orange-red coloration in some mandarin-type citrus, although treatment times are longer.

Avoid:

• Temperatures above 85°F, which can slow degreening while increasing respiration and fruit deterioration
• Excessively low temperatures, which lengthen the time required to achieve acceptable color

2. DON’T OVERUSE ETHYLENE

More ethylene does not necessarily mean faster or better degreening. The recommended concentration is 3 to 5 parts per million ethylene. Higher concentrations generally provide little additional benefit and increase decay pressure. Accurate metering and periodic monitoring help maintain effective concentration while minimizing unnecessary costs.

3. MAINTAIN HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Because degreening occurs under relatively warm conditions, humidity management is essential. The recommended relative humidity is 90% to 95%.

Benefits include:

• Reduced fruit and peel water loss and shriveling
• Better maintenance of fruit firmness
• Improved appearance and packout quality

Avoid conditions that allow free moisture to accumulate on fruit surfaces, as this encourages decay development and slows degreening. Cardboard containers may require somewhat lower humidity to prevent carton weakening.

4. VENTILATE TO PREVENT CARBON DIOXIDE BUILDUP

Fresh citrus fruit remain alive after harvest and continue to respire, consuming oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon dioxide and ethylene act antagonistically. Even relatively low CO₂ concentrations approaching 0.1% can significantly reduce color development.

The recommended ventilation is approximately one complete air exchange per hour based on room volume. Continuous ventilation is generally preferable to periodically opening room doors because it maintains more stable temperature, humidity and ethylene concentrations.

5. ENSURE ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION

Uniform airflow helps maintain consistent conditions, especially temperature, throughout the degreening room. Recommended airflow is a minimum 10 cubic feet per minute per field box. Poor airflow often results in uneven color development and inconsistent fruit quality.

CULTIVAR DIFFERENCES MATTER

Not all citrus cultivars respond equally to degreening. Some varieties degreen readily, while others develop desirable peel color more slowly, particularly in Central and South Florida production regions. Small-scale evaluations can help determine the most effective degreening strategy for new cultivars before commercial implementation.

TAKE-HOME MESSAGE

Successful citrus degreening depends on managing temperature, ethylene, humidity, ventilation and airflow as an integrated system. Maintaining recommended conditions improves peel coloration, minimizes decay and water loss, and maximizes fresh-market quality. While 82 to 85°F remains the standard for rapid commercial degreening, some cultivars may develop superior coloration under cooler conditions when longer treatment times are practical.

Mark A. Ritenour is a professor at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Indian River Research and Education Center in Fort Pierce.

The post Five Keys to Successful Citrus Degreening appeared first on Citrus Industry Magazine.

The 2026 citrus disease incidence survey conducted by Fundecitrus shows that greening affected 48.08% of orange trees in Brazil’s Citrus Belt spanning São Paulo and the Triângulo/Southwest Minas Gerais regions. This is a 0.9% increase compared to 2025, when the incidence rate was 47.63%. The rise was just 0.45% — significantly lower than the 3.28% increase recorded in 2025. This marks the slowest rate of disease progression in the last nine years.

These results continue the trend of deceleration observed in recent years. In 2024, incidence rose by 6.27% (from 38.08% to 44.35%).

REASONS FOR SLOWDOWN

According to the survey, the slowdown is linked to a combination of factors. These include improved psyllid control in 2025 — resulting in 45% fewer psyllids captured compared to 2024 — and weather conditions that were less favorable for the transmission of the greening bacterium.

Strategies to renew citrus groves — including the removal of more infected plants and orchards in high-incidence regions alongside increased planting in lower-risk areas — also contributed to the lower disease growth rate. In the 2025–26 period, 74% of the eradicated area was concentrated in the regions most affected by the disease, while 45% of new plantings took place in lower-risk regions. In total, 17,821 hectares of new plantings and 12,504 hectares of eradication were recorded in the Citrus Belt.

YOUNG VS. OLDER TREES

Another positive indicator is the incidence rates among younger trees. In orange trees up to two years old, the proportion of symptomatic trees saw a slight increase, rising from 2.72% in 2025 to 3.03% in 2026. For trees aged three to five years, incidence fell from 39.18% to 29.5% during the same period. The survey attributes this trend to a smaller psyllid population, the removal of younger diseased trees and planting in lower-risk areas.

Conversely, in orchards over 10 years old — where growers remove fewer symptomatic trees — incidence rose from 58.43% in 2025 to 63.27% in 2026.

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

The survey highlights significant differences across the regions of the citrus-growing area. In 2026, the highest greening incidence rates were observed in the São Paulo regions of Limeira (82.1%), Porto Ferreira (72.43%), Avaré (69.5%), Brotas (68.1%) and Duartina (65.53%). The lowest rates were recorded in the Triângulo Mineiro (0.31%), Votuporanga (4.63%) and São José do Rio Preto (32.79%) regions.

Compared to 2025, incidence increased in some of the most affected regions, while other areas showed stability or a decline. The sharpest increases occurred in the Brotas and Bebedouro regions of São Paulo.

Source: Fundecitrus

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